Veränderungen der Papilla nervi optici im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Die Papilla nervi optici ist mithilfe der ophthalmoskopischen Untersuchung der visuellen Inspektion zugänglich. Dadurch ist es möglich, bereits im Säuglings- und frühen Kindesalter Papillenveränderungen zu erkennen, die mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns einhergehen können oder durch Tumoren, akute Erkrankungen des Sehnerven oder des Zentralnervensystems verursacht werden. Zur Dokumentation, Quantifizierung und Verlaufsbeobachtung der Papillenveränderungen stehen verschiedene bildgebende Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die Einteilung der Papillenveränderungen in angeborene Anomalien, in Papillenveränderungen mit Papillenprominenz und in atrophische Veränderungen im Rahmen einer Optikusatrophie hat sich für die Differenzialdiagnose möglicher Ursachen bewährt. Daraus lassen sich in Kooperation zwischen Pädiatern und Ophthalmologen gezielt weiterführende diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen ableiten.

Summary

The ophthalmological inspection of the optic disc is possible since the time of birth.

Thereby, changes of normal optic disc configuration can already be detected in early infancy. Congenital optic disc anomalies can go along with congenital malformations of the brain or with syndromal systemic diseases. Acquired changes of the optic disc are often caused by tumours or acute diseases of the optic nerve or the central nervous system. Modern imaging techniques permit documentation, quantification and follow-up of optic disc changes. The classification of optic disc changes into congenital anomalies, optic disc prominence and optic atrophy have proved of value for differential diagnosis of their aetiology. This provides a basis for subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic measures which require a close cooperation between paediatrists and ophthalmologists.

Schlüsselwörter

Papilla nervi optici - Papillenfehlbildungen - Stauungspapillen - Optikusatrophie - Kindesalter

Keywords

Optic disc anomalies - papilledema - optic atrophy - optic neuritis - childhood

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