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Semin Liver Dis 2018; 38(03): 284-297
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1666853
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

A Comprehensive Review of Hepatic Sarcoid

Sasha Deutsch-Link
1   Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Danielle Fortuna
2   Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Ethan M. Weinberg
1   Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
3   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 July 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease, which is characterized by the development of noncaseating granulomas amid healthy tissue. While most commonly affecting the mediastinum and/or lungs, sarcoid can also affect the liver, resulting in “hepatic sarcoid.” The spectrum of disease in hepatic sarcoid is variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild liver enzyme abnormalities to end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation. Because clinically-significant hepatic sarcoid is rare, research on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment is limited. The mainstays of hepatic sarcoid treatment have involved steroids and more recently, ursodeoxycholic acid; however, novel immunomodulatory agents provide new possibilities for management. Questions remain regarding screening, diagnostic modalities, and what to treat with and when. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available research on the epidemiology, clinical course, and management of hepatic sarcoid, and identify gaps in our knowledge to motivate future research.

Keywords

hepatic sarcoid - granulomatous hepatitis - liver sarcoid - sarcoidosis - ursodeoxycholic acid
 

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