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Semin Liver Dis 2018; 38(04): 340-350
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670674
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Regulation of Hepatic Inflammation via Macrophage Cell Death

Zhuan Li
1   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
,
Steven A. Weinman
1   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
› Author Affiliations Funding Work from the author's laboratory was supported by grants R01 AA12863 and R21 AA026025 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and grant P30 GM118247 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 October 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions including clearing infectious agents, inducing inflammation and fibrosis, resolving fibrosis, and restoring tissue integrity. Liver macrophages consist of both resident Kupffer cells and infiltrating macrophages. They have heterogeneous highly plastic phenotypes, and they change their phenotypes rapidly in response to a diverse array of signals present in the injured or recovering liver. Cell death by apoptosis, necroptosis, or pyroptosis is a common response of liver macrophages to infectious and toxic insults. At the same time, the uptake of apoptotic and other dead cells, efferocytosis, is mediated by a series of dead cell receptors including MerTK, TIM4, and Stablin-1. These generate a critical signal that determines macrophage phenotype evolution. This review discusses the processes that lead to macrophage apoptosis and efferocytosis, and how these alter the course of liver diseases.

Keywords

efferocytosis - alcoholic liver disease - phosphatidylserine receptors
 

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