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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 39(05): 513-522
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673372
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Acute Liver Failure

Priyanka Rajaram
1   Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
,
Ram Subramanian
1   Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
28 November 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition that can rapidly progress to multiorgan failure. This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of ALF. We provide a detailed review of the common etiologies of ALF, including acetaminophen overdose, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, Wilson's disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. The article then addresses how to recognize ALF and reviews the role of common laboratory and imaging tests in establishing this diagnosis. The remainder of the article details the management of hepatic and extrahepatic organ dysfunctions in ALF. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the prognostication of patients with ALF and the criteria for considering liver transplantation.

Keywords

acute liver failure - hepatic encephalopathy - acute renal failure - intracranial hypertension - acetaminophen toxicity
 

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