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Semin Neurol 2019; 39(01): 125-136
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1677050
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Movement Disorders Emergencies

Suraj Rajan
1   Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Bonnie Kaas
1   Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Emile Moukheiber
1   Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 February 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Many acute and potentially life-threatening medical conditions have hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders as their hallmark. Here we review the clinical phenomenology, and diagnostic principles of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant catatonia, serotonin syndrome, Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia, acute parkinsonism, acute chorea-ballism, drug-induced dystonia, and status dystonicus. In the absence of definitive lab tests and imaging, only a high index of clinical suspicion, awareness of at-risk populations, and variations in clinical presentation can help with diagnosis. We also discuss the principles of management and rationale behind treatment modalities in the light of more recent evidence.

Keywords

neuroleptic malignant syndrome - serotonin syndrome - acute dystonic reaction - oculogyric crisis - Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia - antipsychotics - tardive dyskinesia - acute Parkinsonism - drug-induced dystonia - malignant catatonia

Supplementary Material

 

  • References

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