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Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 46(05): 637-652
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688491
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Design Considerations and Assays for Hemocompatibility of FDA-Approved Nanoparticles

Amit K. Saha
1   Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San José State University, San José, California
2   Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
,
Min-Yi S. Zhen
3   Department of Biomedical Engineering, San José State University, San José, California
,
Folarin Erogbogbo
3   Department of Biomedical Engineering, San José State University, San José, California
,
Anand K. Ramasubramanian
1   Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San José State University, San José, California
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 August 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Nanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including, but not limited to, targeted drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, sensors, and implants for a wide range of diseases including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and tuberculosis. Although the mode of delivery of the nanoparticles depends on the application and the disease, the nanoparticles are often in immediate contact with the systemic circulation either because of intravenous administration or their ability to enter the bloodstream with relative ease or their longer survival time in circulation. Once in circulation, the nanoparticles may elicit unintended hemostatic and inflammatory responses, and hence the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications should take broad hemocompatibility concerns into consideration. In this review, we present the principles underlying the structural and functional design of various classes of nanoparticles that are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, categorize these particles based on their interactions with cardiovascular tissues and ensuing adverse events, and also describe various in vitro assays that may be used evaluate their hemocompatibility.

Keywords

thrombogenicity - hemolysis - cardiovascular - liposomes - polymeric nanoparticles - crystalline nanoparticles - inorganic nanoparticles
 

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