Self-Assessment Questions

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.

Article One (pp. 333-343)

1. Which of the following metabolic events occur immediately after a mTBI?

   • Changes in ion fluxes.

   • Abnormal glucose metabolism.

   • Altered oxygen levels.

   • All of the above.

   • None of the above.

2. Concussion also called mild traumatic brain injury may be defined as

   • Permanent brain injury from a blow to the head.

   • Transitory brain injury as a result from a blow to the head.

   • Chronic brain injury as a result of multiple blows to the head.

   • None of the above is correct.

3. Which of the following has contributed to the delay in the understanding of mild traumatic brain injury?

   • Lack of animal models.

   • Inability to study neuronal metabolism in humans.

   • Lack of interest in this research field.

   • All of the above.

4. Which of the following is true about CTE?

   • It is diagnosed only postmortem.

   • It is a progressive degenerative disease that occurs as a result of repetitive brain injury.

   • Some of the symptoms include irritability, depression, and short-term memory.

   • All of the above are correct.

   • Only (B) is correct.

   Article Two (pp. 344-358)

5. Vocabulary knowledge in preschool is

   • A predictor of later academic achievement.

   • A predictor of later reading comprehension.

   • Can be related to differences in socioeconomic status.

   • All of the above.

   • None of the above.

6. Static, knowledge-based measures of vocabulary are useful to

   • Estimate nonverbal IQ.

   • Describe vocabulary knowledge.

   • Provide norm-referenced scores for comparisons to same-age peers.

   • None of the above.

   • Both B and C.

7. Children with developmental language disorders often

   • Have strong word learning and definitional skills relative to overall language.

   • Perform poorly relative to peers on word-learning tasks.

   • Provide frequent hierarchical prompts.

   • Benefit from an increase in the number of exposure to learn new words.

   • Both B and D.

8. A process-based assessment

   • Can examine the learning process.

   • Combines teaching and testing.

   • Includes repeated measurement.

   • Can include a hierarchy of prompts.

   • All of the above.

9. Potential benefits to using a process-based assessment of word learning for clinical decision making include

   • Sensitivity to growth or partial knowledge.

   • Increased understanding of a child's potential response to learning opportunities.

   • Norm-referenced comparisons to same-age peers.

   • Both A and B.

   • A, B, and C.

   Article Three (pp. 359-369)

10. What is the typical age of onset of poststroke aphasia?

    • 45-50.

    • 50-55.

    • 55-60.

    • 60-65.

    • Over 65.

11. How many individuals are believed to be living with aphasia in the United States?

    • 1.0 million.

    • 2.0 million.

    • 2.5 million.

    • 4.0 million.

    • 5.0 million.

12. Social networks are

    • Work-related relationships that existed before the onset of stroke and aphasia.

    • The structure and “connectedness” of interpersonal relationships.

    • Relationships with health professionals engaged in the care of the person with aphasia.

    • Only family members.

    • Individuals who assist with reimbursement for therapy.

13. Studies of social networks are traditionally completed in what age group?

    • 40-44.

    • 45-49.

    • 50-69.

    • 60-64.

    • Over 65.

14. Social network disruption in young adults with aphasia is characterized by

    • Abrupt ending of friendships after the onset of aphasia.

    • Development of new relationships with adults of older ages.

    • New onset of health conditions.

    • Changes that occur only in individuals with severe aphasia.

    • The development of relationships that support recovery.

    Article Four (pp. 370-393)

15. Which of these forms of evidence is not in the original definition of evidence-based practice?

    • Clinician experience.

    • Efficacy evidence.

    • Contextual evidence.

    • Patient values and experience.

    • All of the above.

16. Which nonefficacy evidence and knowledge might we consider when conducting intervention evaluations and forming clinical decisions?

    • Judico-ethics evidence.

    • Contextual evidence.

    • Collective practice evidence.

    • Collective patient evidence.

    • All of the above.

17. A clinician should be able to reasonably judge the validity or reasonableness of an intervention by

    • Checking if other SLPs are using it.

    • Accepting the therapy originators' position.

    • Performing a treatment description exercise.

    • Asking a colleague's opinion.

    • All of the above.

18. Collective patient or practice evidence refers to which of the following:

    • Individual opinion.

    • Individual experience.

    • The experience and perceptions of a group of people familiar with the intervention in question and retrieved from either conducting or synthesizing the research.

    • The opinions and experiences of colleagues and friends.

    • All of the above.

19. SLPs are central to the judicious and comprehensive evaluation of the interventions they employ. To perform as such they must

    • Accept other clinician's opinions.

    • Act as critical thinkers.

    • Follow authority figures.

    • Utilize efficacy evidence without reference to other forms of knowledge and evidence.

    • All of the above.

    Article Five (pp. 394-406)

20. Which of the following listening paradigms is not used for the assessment of dysarthria?

    • Direct magnitude estimation.

    • Dichotic listening.

    • Forced choice methods.

    • Orthographic transcription.

    • Visual analog scaling.

21. Which of these measures provides an objective estimate of overall speech effectiveness?

    • Comprehensibility.

    • Scaled speech intelligibility.

    • Scaled speech severity.

    • Transcription-based speech intelligibility.

    • None of the above.

22. Scaled estimates of speech severity can be based on which of the following subsystem impairments?

    • Articulatory.

    • Phonatory.

    • Resonatory.

    • Respiratory.

    • All of the above.

23. Which of the following statements about transcription-based intelligibility is true?

    • It is the clinical gold standard for dysarthria assessment.

    • It is a concrete construct that takes into account the rate at which comprehensible information is conveyed.

    • It can be estimated relatively quickly compared to other clinical measures.

    • It can only be estimated by highly experienced clinicians.

    • It provides unique information about subsystem-specific contributions to speech loss.

24. The impact of listener experience on auditory-perceptual judgments can vary based on which of the following factors?

    • Clinical diagnosis.

    • Speech stimuli.

    • Listening paradigm.

    • None of the above.

    • All of the above.