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Thromb Haemost 2020; 120(08): 1200-1207
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712914
Stroke, Systemic or Venous Thromboembolism

Predicting Adverse Events beyond Stroke and Bleeding with the ABC-Stroke and ABC-Bleeding Scores in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Murcia AF Project

Anny Camelo-Castillo  ‡   *
1   Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
,
José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca  ‡   *
1   Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
,
Francisco Marín 
1   Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
,
Vicente Vicente
2   Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
,
Gregory Y. H. Lip    **
3   Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
4   Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
,
Vanessa Roldán    **
2   Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III after independent peer review (research grant: PI17/01375 cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund) and group CB16/11/00385 from CIBERCV.
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Abstract

Background The ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history)-stroke and ABC-bleeding are biomarker-based scores proposed to predict stroke and bleeding, but non-specificity of biomarkers is common, predicting different clinical events at the same time. We assessed the predictive performance of the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores, for outcomes beyond ischemic stroke and major bleeding, in a cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods We included AF patients stable on vitamin K antagonists for 6 months. The ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding were calculated and the predictive values for myocardial infarction (MI), acute heart failure (HF), a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths were compared.

Results We included 1,044 patients (49.2% male; median age 76 [71–81] years). During 6.5 (4.3–7.9) years, there were 58 (5.6%) MIs, 98 (9.4%) acute HFs, 167 (16%) cardiovascular events, and 418 (40%) all-cause deaths. There were no differences in mean ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores in patients with/without MI (p = 0.367 and p = 0.286, respectively); both scores were higher in patients with acute HF, cardiovascular events, or death (all p < 0.05). Predictive performances for the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores were similar, ranging from “poor” for MI (c-indexes ∼0.54), “moderate” for acute HF and cardiovascular events (c-indexes ∼0.60 and ∼0.64, respectively), and “good” for all-cause mortality (c-indexes > 0.70). Clinical usefulness whether assessed by ABC-stroke or ABC-bleeding was similar for various primary endpoints.

Conclusion In AF patients, the ABC-stroke and ABC-bleeding scores demonstrated similar predictive ability for outcomes beyond stroke and bleeding, including MI, acute HF, a composite of cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths. This is consistent with nonspecificity of biomarkers that predict “sick” patients or poor prognosis overall.

Keywords

atrial fibrillation - biomarkers - mortality - myocardial infarction - heart failure - ABC-stroke - ABC-bleeding - risk prediction

Authors' Contributions

A.C.-C. interpreted the analyzed data and drafted the manuscript; J.M.R.-C. acquired the data, performed statistical analyses, and drafted the manuscript; F.M. and G.Y.H.L. conceived and designed the research, drafted the manuscript, and made critical revision; V.V. drafted the manuscript and made critical revision; V.R. conceived and designed the research, acquired the data, drafted the manuscript, and made critical revision. All authors gave final approval of the manuscript.


* Both authors contributed equally.


** Drs. Roldán and Lip are joint senior authors.


Note: The review process for this article was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor-in-Chief.




Publication History

Received: 06 April 2020

Accepted: 24 April 2020

Article published online:
07 June 2020

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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