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J Am Acad Audiol 2021; 32(03): 186-194
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722949
Research Article

Association Between Cardiometabolic Factors and Dizziness in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Amrita Ray 
1   Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
,
Christopher Spankovich
1   Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
,
Charles E. Bishop
1   Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
,
Dan Su
2   Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
,
Yuan-I Min
3   Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
,
John M. Schweinfurth
1   Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
› Author Affiliations Funding The Jackson Heart Study is supported and conducted in collaboration with Jackson State University (HHSN268201800013I), Tougaloo College (HHSN268201800014I), the Mississippi State Department of Health (HHSN268201800015I), and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (HHSN268201800010I, HHSN268201800011I and HHSN268201800012I) contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD).
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Abstract

Background Balance dysfunction is a complex, disabling health condition that can present with multiple phenotypes and etiologies. Data regarding prevalence, characterization of dizziness, or associated factors is limited, especially in an African American population.

Purpose The aim of the study is to characterize balance dysfunction presentation and prevalence in an African American cohort, and balance dysfunction relationship to cardiometabolic factors.

Research Design The study design is descriptive, cross sectional analysis.

Study Sample The study sample consist of N = 1,314, participants in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).

Data Collection and Analysis JHS participants were presented an initial Hearing health screening questionnaire (N = 1,314). Of these, 317 participants reported dizziness and completed a follow-up Dizziness History Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was used to compare differences in the cohorts' social-demographic characteristics and cardiometabolic variables to the 997 participants who did not report dizziness on the initial screening questionnaire. Based on questionnaire responses, participants were grouped into dizziness profiles (orthostatic, migraine, and vestibular) to further examine differences in cardiometabolic markers as related to different profiles of dizziness. Logistical regression models were adjusted for age, sex, education, reported noise exposure, and hearing sensitivity.

Results Participants that reported any dizziness were slightly older and predominantly women. Other significant complaints in the dizzy versus nondizzy cohort included hearing loss, tinnitus, and a history of noise exposure (p < 0.001). Participants that reported any dizziness had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure medication use, and higher body mass index (BMI). Individuals with symptoms alluding to an orthostatic or migraine etiology had significant differences in prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure medication use, and BMI (p < 0.001). Alternatively, cardiometabolic variables were not significantly related to the report of dizziness symptoms consistent with vestibular profiles.

Conclusion Dizziness among African Americans is comparable to the general population with regards to age and sex distribution, accordingly to previously published estimates. Participants with dizziness symptoms appear to have significant differences in BMI and blood pressure regulation, especially with associated orthostatic or migraine type profiles; this relationship does not appear to be conserved in participants who present with vestibular etiology symptoms.

Keywords

Jackson Heart Study - dizziness - vertigo - cardiometabolic - epidemiologic study

Disclaimer

The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


Note

This study was presented as a poster at COSM 2019 at TRIO section Austin, TX, May 1-5, 2019.




Publication History

Received: 23 May 2020

Accepted: 13 September 2020

Article published online:
24 May 2021

© 2021. American Academy of Audiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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