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Semin Neurol 2021; 41(06): 781-794
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726364
Review Article

Approach to Common Sleep Disorders

Yujie Wang 
1   Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Rachel Marie E. Salas
1   Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract

Sleep disorders are highly relevant in clinical practice given their prevalence as well as their impact on health outcomes and quality of life. The most common concerns are excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, disordered breathing, and abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. A detailed but targeted history is vital, particularly from the sleep partner/witness. In-laboratory sleep testing (polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test) remains vital in the diagnosis of certain sleep disorders (such as sleep-disordered breathing and central hypersomnia) and in specific populations (such as in children and individuals with comorbid medical disorders). Advances in technology have allowed for a variety of methods in assessing a patient's sleep, from compact devices to evaluate for sleep apnea, wrist actigraphy, and mobile device-based applications. As the pathophysiology of various sleep disorders becomes better elucidated, disease-specific medications have been developed for these conditions. Nonetheless, a multidisciplinary approach to management is necessary, including improving sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Keywords

sleep disorders - obstructive sleep apnea - narcolepsy - restless legs syndrome - insomnia


Publication History

Article published online:
26 November 2021

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