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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42(04): 567-586
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730997
Review Article

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Shera Tan
1   Tuberculosis Control Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
,
Shannon Kasperbauer
2   Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and 193 species of NTM have been discovered thus far. NTM species vary in virulence from benign environmental organisms to difficult-to-treat human pathogens. Pulmonary infections remain the most common manifestation of NTM disease in humans and bronchiectasis continues to be a major risk factor for NTM pulmonary disease (NTM PD). This article will provide a useful introduction and framework for clinicians involved in the management of bronchiectasis and NTM. It includes an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of NTM PD. We will address the challenges faced in the diagnosis of NTM PD and the importance of subspeciation in guiding treatment and follow-up, especially in Mycobacterium abscessus infections. The treatment of both Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus, the two most common NTM species known to cause disease, will be discussed in detail. Elements of the recent ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA NTM guidelines published in 2020 will also be reviewed.

Keywords

nontuberculous mycobacteria - bronchiectasis - Mycobacterium avium complex - Mycobacterium abscessus - diagnosis - treatment


Publication History

Article published online:
14 July 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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