JAAA CEU Program

The questions below refer to Ray et al, “Association Between Cardiometabolic Factors and Dizziness in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study,” pages 186–194.

Learner Outcomes

Reader of this article should be able to:

• Identify risk factors for balance problems in the Jackson Heart Study population.

• Consider options for categorizing variants of dizziness.

CEU Questions

1. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), what percentage of adults over 40 years of age have balance dysfunction of vestibular origin?

   • 5 percent to 10 percent

   • 15 percent to 20 percent

   • More than 35 percent

2. Who has greater prevalence of vestibular dysfunction?

   • Males

   • Females

   • Both equal

3. African Americans have a/an ___________risk of falls compared to non-Hispanic Caucasians

   • Increased

   • Decreased

   • Equal

4. What was the sample size of the Jackson Heart Study cohort with balance data?

   • 1,314

   • 5,306

   • 1,413

5. What approximate percentage of the sample reported dizziness complaints?

   • 54 percent

   • 14 percent

   • 24 percent

6. Which of the following variables was not significantly related to complaint of dizziness in table 1?

   • Age

   • Smoking

   • Hypertension

7. Which of the following variables was significantly related to dizziness in all statistical models in Table 2?

   • Hypertension

   • Diabetes

   • Physical activity

8. Which was the most common balance complaint (all the time) in Table 3?

   • Black out

   • Lightheaded

   • Spinning

9. Which variant of dizziness was not related to cardiometabolic variables in adjusted models in Tables 4-6?

   • Vestibular

   • Orthostatic

   • Migraine

10. Which variant of dizziness had the highest prevalence among the Jackson Heart Study participants? (tip: look at sample sizes)

    • Vestibular

    • Orthostatic

    • Migraine

Publication History

Article published online:
13 August 2021