Incorporation of Fibrin, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells into a Coronary Thrombus in Time and Space

Martin Maly; Tomas Riedel; Jana Stikarova; Jiri Suttnar; Roman Kotlin; Martin Hajsl; Petr Tousek; Jirina Kaufmanova; Ondrej Kucerka; John W. Weisel; Jan E. Dyr

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739193

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Thromb Haemost 2022; 122(03): 434-444
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739193

Atherosclerosis and Ischaemic Disease

Incorporation of Fibrin, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells into a Coronary Thrombus in Time and Space

Martin Maly

¹First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Tomas Riedel

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

³Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Jana Stikarova

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Jiri Suttnar

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Roman Kotlin

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Martin Hajsl

¹First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Petr Tousek

⁴Cardiocenter, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Jirina Kaufmanova

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

⁵Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

,

Ondrej Kucerka

¹First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

,

John W. Weisel

⁶Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

,

Jan E. Dyr^†

²Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

We describe the internal structure, spatial organization and dynamic formation of coronary artery thrombi from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant differences among four groups of patients (<2 hours; 2–6 hours; 6–12 hours, and >12 hours) related to the time of ischemia. Coronary artery thrombi from patients presenting less than 2 hours after the infarction were almost entirely composed of platelets, with small amounts of fibrin and red blood cells. In contrast, thrombi from late presenters (>12 hours) consisted of mainly platelets at the distal end, where clotting was initiated, with almost no platelets at the proximal end, while the red blood cell content went from low at the initiating end to more than 90% at the proximal end. Furthermore, fibrin was present mainly on the outside of the thrombi and older thrombi contained thicker fibers. The red blood cells in late thrombi were compressed to a close-packed, tessellated array of polyhedral structures, called polyhedrocytes. Moreover, there was redistribution from the originally homogeneous composition to fibrin and platelets to the outside, with polyhedrocytes on the interior. The presence of polyhedrocytes and the redistribution of components are signs of in vivo clot contraction (or retraction). These results suggest why later thrombi are resistant to fibrinolytic agents and other treatment modalities, since the close-packed polyhedrocytes form a nearly impermeable seal. Furthermore, it is of particular clinical significance that these findings suggest specific disparate therapies that will be most effective at different stages of thrombus development.

Keywords

coronary - aspiration thrombectomy - scanning electron microscopy - ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

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