Therapie von Antikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunenzephalitiden

Zusammenfassung

Die Entdeckung von Antikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunenzephalitiden als Ursache eines Symptomkomplexes aus epileptischen Anfällen und neuropsychiatrischen Auffälligkeiten und deren gute Prognose unter Immuntherapien ist eine der herausragenden Erfolgsgeschichten der Neurologie der letzten Jahre. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuellen Therapieregime bei Antikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunenzephalitiden erläutert und die individuellen Therapien und Prognosen der bekannten Antikörper-vermittelten Unterformen erläutert. Die wichtigsten therapeutischen Instrumente sind die Tumortherapie, sofern ein Primarius gesichert wird, und Immuntherapien, wobei die Empfehlungen vorwiegend auf retrospektiven Datenanalysen beruhen. Primäres Therapieziel ist die vollständige Remission. Dieses Ziel ist bei den einzelnen Unterformen mit einer unterschiedlichen Wahrscheinlichkeit zu erreichen.

Abstract

The identification of an antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis underlying diverse syndromes, typically comprising epileptic seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and their favorable prognosis, when treated with immunotherapies, is one of the success stories in neurology in recent years. Here we review current widely used therapy regimens in antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis and the prognosis of the different antibody-associated sub-forms. The main therapeutic instruments encompass tumor therapy (if tumor is detected) and immunotherapies, though recommendations are mainly based on retrospective data analysis. The primary therapeutic goal is complete remission. The degree to which this can be accomplished depends upon the different sub-forms.

Schlüsselwörter

Autoimmune Enzephalitis - LGI1 - GAD - NMDAR

Key words

autoimmune encephalitis - LGI1 - GAD - NMDAR

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