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Laryngorhinootologie 2016; 95(07): 497-510
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-106918
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Presbyakusis – Altersschwerhörigkeit

Presbycusis – Age Related Hearing Loss
N. Fischer
1   Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
,
B. Weber
2   Klinik für Hör-, Stimm- und Sprachstörungen, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
,
H. Riechelmann
1   Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
08 July 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der Presbyakusis oder Altersschwerhörigkeit handelt es sich um eine langsam progrediente, bilaterale, symmetrische sensorineurale Hörminderung, welche durch Alterungsprozesse im Innenohr entsteht. Die Ätiologie ist multifaktoriell, wobei mehrere Risikofaktoren bekannt sind und auch die Genetik eine große Rolle spielt. Durch histologisch nachweisbare Veränderungen der Innenohrstrukturen kommt es zu einer zunehmenden Hörverschlechterung, welche vor allem den Hochtonbereich betrifft. Das daraus resultierende erschwerte Sprachverstehen hat einen negativen Einfluss auf kognitive, emotionale und soziale Funktionen im Alter, was zu sozialer Isolation, Angst, Depression und kognitivem Verfall führen kann. Daher sind das Erkennen und die richtige Versorgung der Schwerhörigkeit im Alter sehr wichtig. Für viele Schwerhörige ist die Versorgung mit konventionellen Hörgeräten weiterhin die Therapieform der Wahl. Durch den technischen Fortschritt der implantierbaren Hörsysteme können nun auch hochgradige Schwerhörigkeiten im Alter mit gutem Erfolg rehabilitiert werden. Dennoch ist ein Großteil der Schwerhörigen nicht ausreichend versorgt.

Abstract

Presbycusis or age related hearing loss can be defined as a progressive, bilateral and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss due to age related degeneration of inner ear structures. It can be considered a multifactorial complex disorder with environmental and genetic factors. The molecular, electrophysiological and histological damage at different levels of the inner ear cause a progressive hearing loss, which usually affects the high frequencies of hearing. The resulting poor speech recognition has a negative impact on cognitive, emotional and social function in older adults. Recent investigations revealed an association between hearing impairment and social isolation, anxiety, depression and cognitive decline in elderly. These findings emphasize the importance of diagnosis and treating hearing loss in the elderly population. Hearing aids are the most commonly used devices for treating presbycusis. The technical progress of implantable hearing devices allows an effective hearing rehabilitation even in elderly with severe hearing loss. However, most people with hearing impairments are not treated adequately.

Schlüsselwörter

Altersschwerhörigkeit - Presbyakusis - Altern - auditorisches System - Hörrehabilitation - Hörverlust

Key words

age-related hearing loss - ARHL - presbycusis - aging - auditory system - hearing rehabilitation - hearing loss
 

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