Das Angebot von medizinisch-diagnostischen Selbsttests auf deutschsprachigen Internetseiten: Ergebnisse einer systematischen Recherche

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es einen Überblick über das Angebot frei verkäuflicher medizinisch-diagnostischer Selbsttests auf deutschsprachigen Internetseiten zu erstellen.

Methodik: Es wurde eine systematische Internetrecherche von September 2014 bis März 2015 mit den folgenden Suchbegriffen durchgeführt: Selbsttest, Selbstdiagnose, Heimtest, Heimdiagnose und Schnelltest.

Ergebnisse: Es konnten 513 verschiedene Selbsttests zur Diagnostik von insgesamt 52 unterschiedlichen Krankheiten bzw. Krankheitsrisiken identifiziert werden, darunter waren Selbsttests zur Diagnostik von chronischen Krankheiten (z. B. Diabetes, chronische Erkrankung der Nieren, Leber oder Lunge), sexuell übertragbaren Krankheiten und Geschlechtskrankheiten (z. B. HIV, Chlamydien, Gonorrhoe), Infektionskrankheiten (z. B. Tuberkulose, Malaria, Helicobacter pylori), Allergien (z. B. Hausstaub, Katzen, Histamin) und Krebserkrankungen sowie Tests zur Diagnostik von 12 verschiedenen psychotropen Substanzen. Diese wurden von 90 Unternehmen in Deutschland und aus dem Ausland vertrieben.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Anzahl an frei verkäuflichen medizinisch-diagnostischen Selbsttests über das Internet ist in den letzten 10 Jahren enorm gestiegen. Weitere Studien zur Untersuchung der Determinanten der Inanspruchnahme von Selbsttests sowie zu den Auswirkungen der Anwendung auf das Erleben und Verhalten der Nutzer sind notwendig.

Abstract

Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to provide an overview of medical-diagnostic self-tests which can be purchased without a medical prescription on German language websites.

Method: From September 2014 to March 2015, a systematic internet research was conducted with the following search terms: self-test, self-diagnosis, home test, home diagnosis, quick test, rapid test.

Results: 513 different self-tests for the diagnostics of 52 diverse diseases or health risks were identified, including chronic diseases (e. g. diabetes, chronic disease of the kidneys, liver, and lungs), sexually transmitted diseases (e. g. HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea), infectious diseases (e. g. tuberculosis, malaria, Helicobacter pylori), allergies (e. g. house dust, cats, histamine) and cancer as well as tests for the diagnostics of 12 different psychotropic substances. These were sold by 90 companies in Germany and by other foreign companies.

Conclusion: The number of medical-diagnostic self-tests which can be bought without a medical prescription on the Internet has increased enormously in the last 10 years. Further studies are needed for the identification of the determinants of the use of self-tests as well as the impact of the application on the experience and behavior of the user.

Schlüsselwörter

Selbsttest - Selbstdiagnose - Heimtest - Heimdiagnose - Schnelltest

Key words

self-test - self-diagnosis - home test - home diagnosis - quick test - rapid test

• Literatur

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