Biological Activity of Polynesian Calophyllum inophyllum Oil Extract on Human Skin Cells^[*]

Abstract

Oil from the nuts of Calophyllum inophyllum, locally called “Tamanu oil” in French Polynesia, was traditionally used for wound healing and to cure various skin problems and ailments. The skin-active effect of “Tamanu oil emulsion” was investigated on human skin cells (keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts) and showed cell proliferation, glycosaminoglycan and collagen production, and wound healing activity. Transcriptomic analysis of the treated cells revealed gene expression modulation including genes involved in the metabolic process implied in O-glycan biosynthesis, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. The presence of neoflavonoids as bioactive constituents in Tamanu oil emulsion may contribute to these biological activities. Altogether, consistent data related to targeted histological and cellular functions brought new highlights on the mechanisms involved in these biological processes induced by Tamanu oil effects in skin cells.

Key words

Calophyllum inophyllum - Calophyllaceae - French Polynesia - human skin cells - wound healing - transcriptomics

• References

• 1 Stevens PF. A revision of the Old World species of Calophyllum (Guttiferae). J Arnold Arbor 1980; 61: 117-699
• 2 Abbott IA, Shimazu C. The geographic origin of the plants most commonly used for medicine by Hawaiians. J Ethnopharmacol 1985; 14: 213-222
• 3 Pétard P. Plantes utiles de Polynésie et Raau Tahiti, éd. revue et augmentée. Papeete: Haere Po No Tahiti; 1986: 224-225
• 4 Cox PA, Banack SA. Islands, Plants and Polynesians: an Introduction to Polynesian Ethnobotany. Portland, Oregon: Dioscoride Press; 1991: 52
• 5 Whistler WA. Plants of the Canoe People, an ethnobotanical Voyage through Polynesia. Lawai, Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i: National Tropical Botanical Garden; 2009: 52-53
• 6 McClatchey W. The ethnopharmacopoeia of Rotuma. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 50: 147-156
• 7 Pocidalo JJ, Chaslot M. [Action of oil of Calophyllum on experimental burns]. C R Séances Soc Biol Fil 1955; 149: 357-359
• 8 Dweck AC, Meadows T. Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) – the African, Asian, Polynesian and Pacific Panacea. Int J Cosmet Sci 2002; 24: 1-8
• 9 Khilam C. Tamanu oil: a tropical topical remedy. HerbalGram 2004; 63: 26-31
• 10 Chevalier J. Study on a new cicatrizing agent for cutaneous and mucous wounds, oil of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. [Dissertation]. Paris: Institut de Biologie Normale Superieure; 1951
• 11 Mariette-Chanson N. Etude sur lʼhuile de Calophyllum inophyllum: Travaux cliniques démontrant les propriétés cicatrisantes de lʼhuile. Phytothérapie 2006; 4: 167-171
• 12 Yimdjo MC, Azebaze A, Nkengfack AE, Meyer AM, Bodo B, Fomum ZT. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum . Phytochemistry 2004; 65: 2789-2795
• 13 Saravanan R, Dhachinamoorthi D, Senthilkumar K, Thamizhvanan K. Antimicrobial activity of various extracts from various parts of Calophyllum inophyllum . J Appl Pharm Sci 2011; 1: 102-106
• 14 Bhalla TN, Saxena RC, Nigam SK, Misra G, Bhargava KP. Calophyllolide – a new non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory agent. Indian J Med Res 1980; 72: 762-765
• 15 Léguillier T, Lecsö-Bornet M, Lémus C, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Lebouvier N, Hnawia E, Nour M, Aalbersberg W, Ghazi K, Raharivelomanana P, Rat P. The wound healing and antibacterial activity of five ethnomedical Calophyllum inophyllum oils: an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat infected wounds. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0138602
• 16 Assouvie N. Le Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) en Polynésie française et autres espèces du genre Calophyllum: De lʼusage en médecine traditionnelle à lʼémergence dʼun médicament anti-VIH [dissertation]. Bordeaux, France: Université de Bordeaux Ségalen; 2013
• 17 Ansel JL, Butaud JF, Nicolas M, Lecellier G, Pichon C, Raharivelomanana P. Le tamanu et ses propriétés en dermocosmétique. Phytothérapie Européenne 2015; 86: 10-12
• 18 Hostettmann K. Tout savoir sur les vertus Thérapeutiques, Santé, Beauté, Longévité des Fruits exotiques. Lausanne: Favre S.A.; 2011: 1-141
• 19 Hata R, Senoo HJ. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate stimulates collagen accumulation, cell proliferation, and formation of a three-dimensional tissue like substance by skin fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1989; 138: 8-16
• 20 Martin P. Wound healing – aiming for perfect skin regeneration. Science 1997; 276: 75-81
• 21 Sivamani RK, Garcia MS, Isseroff RR. Wound re-epithelialization: modulating keratinocyte migration in wound healing. Front Biosci 2007; 12: 2849-2868
• 22 Krafts KP. Tissue repair: The hidden drama. Organogenesis 2010; 6: 225-233
• 23 Laure F. Etude de la composition chimique et de la biodiversité du Calophyllum inophyllum de Polynésie française [dissertation]. Papeete, Tahiti: Université de la Polynésie Française; 2005
• 24 Leu T, Soulet S, Teai T, Gicquel A, Bianchini JP, Raharivelomanana P. Characterization of cosmetic raw material “Tamanu oil” from French Polynesia: physical and chemical properties, chemical composition and bioactivity. Planta Med 2008; 74: PD18
• 25 Lederer E, Dietrich P, Polonsky J. On the chemical constitution of calophylloide and calophyllic acid from the nuts of Calophyllum inophyllum . Bull French Chem Soc 1953; 5: 546-549
• 26 Bruneton J. Pharmacognosie – Phytochimie, Plantes médicinales, 4th edition. Paris: Editions Tec & Doc Lavoisier; 2009: 420-421
• 27 Leu T. Contribution à la connaissance de la flore polynésienne: évaluation de lʼintérêt pharmacologique de quelques plantes médicinales et étude phytochimique du Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L. – Clusiaceae) [dissertation]. Papeete, Tahit: Université de la Polynésie Française; 2009
• 28 Leu T, Raharivelomanana P, Soulet S, Bianchini JP, Herbette G, Faure R. New tricyclic and tetracyclic pyranocoumarins with an unprecedented C-4 substituent. Structure elucidation of tamanolide, tamanolide D and tamanolide P from Calophyllum inophyllum of French Polynesia. Magn Reson Chem 2009; 47: 989-993
• 29 Salentinig S, Yaghmur A, Guillot S, Glatter O. Preparation of highly concentrated nanostructured dispersions of controlled size. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 326: 211-220
• 30 Harrow J, Frankish A, Gonzalez JM, Tapanari E, Diekhans M, Kokocinski F, Aken BL, Barrell D, Zadissa A, Searle S, Barnes I, Bignell A, Boychenko V, Hunt T, Kay M, Mukherjee GRJ, Despacio-Reyes G, Saunders G, Steward C, Harte R, Lin M, Howal C, Tanzer A, Derrien T, Chrast J, Walters N, Balasubramanian S, Pei B, Tress M, Rodriguez JM, Ezkurdia I, van Baren J, Brent M, Haussler D, Kellis M, Valencia A, Reymond A, Gerstein M, Guigó R, Hubbard TJ. GENCODE: the reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project. Genome Res 2012; 22: 1760-1774
• 31 Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods 2012; 9: 357-359
• 32 Li B, Dewey CN. RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12: 323
• 33 Dimont E, Shi J, Kirchner R, Hide W. edgeRun: an R package for sensitive, functionally relevant differential expression discovery using an unconditional exact test. Bioinformatics 2015; 31: 2589-2590
• 34 The Gene Ontology Consortium. Gene Ontology Consortium: going forward. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43: D1049-D1056
• 35 Conesa A, Götz S, García-Gómez JM, Terol J, Talón M, Robles M. Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics 2005; 21: 3674-3676