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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124(10): 630-636
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-109606
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Prevalence and Clinical Correlators of Undiagnosed Significant Depressive Symptoms Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes In A Mediterranean Population

J. Nicolau
1   Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son LLàtzer (Palma, Spain), University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa)
,
R. Simó
2   Diabetes Research Unit, Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universistat Autònoma de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain)
,
P. Sanchís
1   Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son LLàtzer (Palma, Spain), University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa)
,
L. Ayala
1   Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son LLàtzer (Palma, Spain), University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa)
,
R. Fortuny
3   Hormonal Laboratory Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer (Palma, Spain)
,
R. Rivera
1   Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son LLàtzer (Palma, Spain), University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa)
,
L. Masmiquel
1   Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son LLàtzer (Palma, Spain), University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 03 April 2016
first decision 25 May 2016

accepted 01 June 2016

Publication Date:
20 July 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency and clinical parameters, of clinically significant depressive symptoms among a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) sample from a Mediterranean area without an established diagnosis of depressive disorder (DD).

Methods: 320 subjects with T2DM were recruited randomly from Primary-Care settings and the Endocrine Department from a tertiary center in Mallorca (Spain). 91 healthy individuals matched by age, gender and BMI were used as controls. All participating patients graded by the presence of DD by using the “Beck Depression Inventory” (BDI), considering pathological a cut-off score equal or greater than 16.

Results: 27.2% T2DM subjects had significant symptoms of DD compared with 12.1% in the control group (p<0.01). BDI score was higher among T2DM when compared with controls (12±9.6 vs. 7.4±5, p<0.0001). The proportion of females (68% vs. 37%, p<0.0001), subjects without an active job (68% vs. 45%, p=0.01) and singles (38% vs. 18%, p=0.007) was greater among T2DM with a BDI≥16. Subjects with criteria for DD had a higher BMI (31.99±5.96 vs. 30.53±5.62, p=0.03). Fasting plasma glucose was higher among T2DM with a BDI≥16 (162±70 vs. 147±45 mg/dl, p=0.02) as well as HbA1c levels (7.9±1.8% vs. 7.4±1.4%, p=0.01), triglycerides (203±183 vs. 161±103 mg/dl; p=0.03) and LDL-cholesterol (112±31 vs. 104±35 mg/dl; p=0.03). Gender, marital status, BMI and triglycerides were independently related to the presence of DD after a logistic regression model.

Conclusions: Relevant depressive symptoms are more prevalent among Mediterranean T2DM subjects than in general population. Main clinical correlators of significant depressive symptoms are gender, marital status and BMI.

Key words

depressive disorder - depressive symptoms - mediterranean - type 2 diabetes
 

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