Synthesis 2024; 56(08): 1244-1258
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751506
short review

Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Electrophiles

Xian Zhao
,
Wei Liu
This work is supported by National Institute of Health (R35GM146765) and the Herman Frasch Foundation for Chemical Research (926-HF22). W.L. thanks the University of Cincinnati for the financial support


Abstract

Catalytic Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions represent an efficient and versatile approach for constructing complex alkynes from readily available starting materials. Despite notable progress in this field, the development of transition-metal-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of alkyl electrophiles remains limited. This limitation primarily stems from the low reactivity and pronounced propensity of these compounds towards β-H elimination. To overcome these challenges, researchers have investigated the use of palladium, nickel, and copper catalysts for Sonogashira reactions of alkyl electrophiles. Furthermore, significant strides have been made in achieving asymmetric Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of electrophiles. This short review provides an overview of recent breakthroughs in this area.

1 Introduction

2 Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides

3 Nickel-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides

4 Copper-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles

4.1 Copper-Catalyzed Racemic Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles

4.2 Copper-catalyzed Asymmetric Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles

5 Conclusions and Perspectives



Publication History

Received: 08 August 2023

Accepted after revision: 06 September 2023

Article published online:
02 November 2023

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