Abstract
Catalytic Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions represent an efficient and versatile
approach for constructing complex alkynes from readily available starting materials.
Despite notable progress in this field, the development of transition-metal-catalyzed
Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of alkyl electrophiles remains limited. This
limitation primarily stems from the low reactivity and pronounced propensity of these
compounds towards β-H elimination. To overcome these challenges, researchers have
investigated the use of palladium, nickel, and copper catalysts for Sonogashira reactions
of alkyl electrophiles. Furthermore, significant strides have been made in achieving
asymmetric Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of electrophiles. This short review
provides an overview of recent breakthroughs in this area.
1 Introduction
2 Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides
3 Nickel-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides
4 Copper-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles
4.1 Copper-Catalyzed Racemic Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles
4.2 Copper-catalyzed Asymmetric Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Electrophiles
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
Key words
Sonogashira cross-coupling - alkyl electrophiles - palladium - nickel - copper - alkynes
