Download PDF
J Am Acad Audiol 2022; 33(09/10): 445-459
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758529
Research Article

Hearing Loss and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles: Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Rachael R. Baiduc 
1   Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
,
Brittany Bogle
2   Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,
Franklyn Gonzalez II
3   Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,
Elizabeth Dinces
4   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
,
David J. Lee
5   Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
,
Martha L. Daviglus
6   Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
,
Sumitrajit Dhar
7   Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
,
Jianwen Cai
3   Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
› Author Affiliations Funding Rachael R. Baiduc – Innovative Seed Grant (University of Colorado Boulder, PI: Rachael R. Baiduc); Emerging Research Grant (Hearing Health Foundation, PI: Rachael R. Baiduc).
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background Individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs) have been associated with hearing loss (HL). The relationship to aggregate risk is poorly understood and has not been explored in the Hispanic/Latino population.

Purpose The aim of this study was to characterize the association between aggregate CVD RF burden and hearing among Hispanics/Latinos.

Research Design Cross-sectional examination.

Study Sample Participants (18–74 years; n = 12,766) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Data Collection and Analysis Thresholds (0.5–8 kHz) were obtained, and HL was defined dichotomously as pure-tone average (PTA0.5,1, 2,4) > 25 dB HL. Optimal CVD risk burden was defined as follows: systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 80 mm Hg; total cholesterol < 180 mg/dL; nonsmoking; and no diabetes. Major CVD RFs were diabetes, currently smoking, SBP >160 or DBP > 100 mm Hg (or antihypertensives), and total cholesterol > 240 mg/dL (or statins). Thresholds were estimated by age (18–44 and ≥45 years) and sex using linear regression. The association between CVD risk burden and HL was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic/Latino background, center, education, income, alcohol use, body mass index, and noise exposure.

Results In the target population, 53.03% were female and 18.81% and 8.52% had all RFs optimal and ≥2 major RFs, respectively. Elevated BP (SBP 120–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg) was associated with HL in females < 45 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–4.16). Diabetes (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01–1.84) and tobacco smoking (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03–2.01) were associated with HL in females ≥ 45 years. The odds of HL were higher for females ≥ 45 years with ≥2 RFs versus those with all RFs optimal (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12–3.53). Elevated BP (SBP 140–159 mm Hg or DBP 90–99 mm Hg), but not aggregate risk burden, was associated with HL in males ≥ 45 years (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02–2.19). No relationships with major CVD RFs were significant in males < 45 years.

Conclusions HL is associated with elevated BP in females < 45 years, with diabetes and hypertension in males ≥ 45 years, and with diabetes, smoking, and having ≥2 major CVD RFs in females ≥ 45 years. Future studies are needed to examine if these factors are associated with incident HL.

Keywords

epidemiology - hearing loss - Hispanic/Latino - cardiovascular disease

Previous Presentation

Portions of this work were presented at the American Heart Association | Epidemiology Lifestyle Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana (March 2018).


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 30 November 2021

Accepted: 16 September 2022

Article published online:
13 September 2024

© 2024. American Academy of Audiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Collins JG. Prevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 1990-1992. Vital Health Stat 10 1997; 194 (194) 1-89
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 2 Hoffman HJ, Dobie RA, Losonczy KG, Themann CL, Flamme GA. Declining prevalence of hearing loss in US adults aged 20 to 69 years. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143 (03) 274-285
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Goman AM, Reed NS, Lin FR. Addressing estimated hearing loss in adults in 2060. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143 (07) 733-734
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wiley TL, Nondahl DM, Tweed TS. Cigarette smoking and hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. JAMA 1998; 279 (21) 1715-1719
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Bainbridge KE, Hoffman HJ, Cowie CC. Diabetes and hearing impairment in the United States: audiometric evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149 (01) 1-10
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Gupta S, Eavey RD, Wang M, Curhan SG, Curhan GC. Type 2 diabetes and the risk of incident hearing loss. Diabetologia 2019; 62 (02) 281-285
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Kakarlapudi V, Sawyer R, Staecker H. The effect of diabetes on sensorineural hearing loss. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24 (03) 382-386
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Brant LJ, Gordon-Salant S, Pearson JD. et al. Risk factors related to age-associated hearing loss in the speech frequencies. J Am Acad Audiol 1996; 7 (03) 152-160
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Tan HE, Lan NSR, Knuiman MW. et al. Associations between cardiovascular disease and its risk factors with hearing loss-a cross-sectional analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43 (01) 172-181
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Sun Y-S, Fang W-H, Kao T-W. et al. Components of metabolic syndrome as risk factors for hearing threshold shifts. PLoS One 2015; 10 (08) e0134388
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Lee HY, Choi YJ, Choi HJ. et al. Metabolic syndrome is not an independent risk factor for hearing impairment. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20 (08) 816-824
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Smith TL, Raynor E, Prazma J, Buenting JE, Pillsbury HC. Insulin-dependent diabetic microangiopathy in the inner ear. Laryngoscope 1995; 105 (3 Pt 1): 236-240
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Akinpelu OV, Ibrahim F, Waissbluth S, Daniel SJ. Histopathologic changes in the cochlea associated with diabetes mellitus–a review. Otol Neurotol 2014; 35 (05) 764-774
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Abdel-Hafez AMM, Elgayar SAM, Husain OA, Thabet HSA. Effect of nicotine on the structure of cochlea of guinea pigs. Anat Cell Biol 2014; 47 (03) 162-170
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Tachibana M, Yamamichi I, Nakae S, Hirasugi Y, Machino M, Mizukoshi O. The site of involvement of hypertension within the cochlea. A comparative study of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Otolaryngol 1984; 97 (3–4): 257-265
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Duck SW, Prazma J, Bennett PS, Pillsbury HC. Interaction between hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 1997; 107 (12 Pt 1): 1596-1605
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Bogle BM, Ning H, Mehrotra S, Goldberger JJ, Lloyd-Jones DM. Lifetime risk for sudden cardiac death in the community. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (07) e002398
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 United States Census Bureau. Profile America Facts for Features: Hispanic Heritage Month 2015. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration; 2015: 1-6
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 19 Velasco-Mondragon E, Jimenez A, Palladino-Davis AG, Davis D, Escamilla-Cejudo JA. Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature. Public Health Rev 2016; 37: 31
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Daviglus ML, Pirzada A, Durazo-Arvizu R. et al. Prevalence of low cardiovascular risk profile among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States by age, sex, and level of acculturation: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5 (08) e003929
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Lavange LM, Kalsbeek WD, Sorlie PD. et al. Sample design and cohort selection in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20 (08) 642-649
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Specifications for Audiometer. 3rd ed.. New York, NY: ANSI; 2010
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 23 Cruickshanks KJ, Dhar S, Dinces E. et al. Hearing impairment prevalence and associated risk factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 141 (07) 641-648
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Seaman SR, White IR. Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data. Stat Methods Med Res 2013; 22 (03) 278-295
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Sorrel JE, Bishop CE, Spankovich C. et al. Relationship of stroke risk and hearing loss in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Laryngoscope 2018; 128 (06) 1438-1444
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Akinpelu OV, Mujica-Mota M, Daniel SJ. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with alterations in hearing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 2014; 124 (03) 767-776
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Austin DF, Konrad-Martin D, Griest S, McMillan GP, McDermott D, Fausti S. Diabetes-related changes in hearing. Laryngoscope 2009; 119 (09) 1788-1796
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Vaughan N, James K, McDermott D, Griest S, Fausti S. A 5-year prospective study of diabetes and hearing loss in a veteran population. Otol Neurotol 2006; 27 (01) 37-43
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Motlagh Zadeh L, Silbert NH, Sternasty K, Swanepoel W, Hunter LL, Moore DR. Extended high-frequency hearing enhances speech perception in noise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116 (47) 23753-23759
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Ma F, Gómez-Marín O, Lee DJ, Balkany T. Diabetes and hearing impairment in Mexican American adults: a population-based study. J Laryngol Otol 1998; 112 (09) 835-839
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Bainbridge KE, Hoffman HJ, Cowie CC. Risk factors for hearing impairment among U.S. adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Diabetes Care 2011; 34 (07) 1540-1545
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Fukushima H, Cureoglu S, Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Harada T, Oktay MF. Effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on cochlear structure in humans. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 132 (09) 934-938
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Kim M-B, Zhang Y, Chang Y. et al. Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hearing loss: a cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46 (02) 717-726
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Hu H, Sasaki N, Ogasawara T. et al; Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study Group. Smoking, smoking cessation, and the risk of hearing loss: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21 (04) 481-488
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Agrawal Y, Platz EA, Niparko JK. Risk factors for hearing loss in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2002. Otol Neurotol 2009; 30 (02) 139-145
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Fransen E, Topsakal V, Hendrickx J-J. et al. Occupational noise, smoking, and a high body mass index are risk factors for age-related hearing impairment and moderate alcohol consumption is protective: a European population-based multicenter study. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2008; 9 (03) 264-276 , discussion 261–263
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Rigters SC, van der Schroeff MP, Papageorgiou G, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Goedegebure A. Progression of hearing loss in the aging population: repeated auditory measurements in the Rotterdam Study. Audiol Neurotol 2018; 23 (05) 290-297
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Villavisanis DF, Berson ER, Lauer AM, Cosetti MK, Schrode KM. Sex-based differences in hearing loss: perspectives from non-clinical research to clinical outcomes. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41 (03) 290-298
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Pearson JD, Morrell CH, Gordon-Salant S. et al. Gender differences in a longitudinal study of age-associated hearing loss. J Acoust Soc Am 1995; 97 (02) 1196-1205
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Kobrina A, Dent ML. The effects of aging and sex on detection of ultrasonic vocalizations by adult CBA/CaJ mice (Mus musculus). Hear Res 2016; 341: 119-129
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Rosen S, Plester D, El-Mofty A, Rosen HV. Relation of hearing loss to cardiovascular disease. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1964; 68: 433-444
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Evans MB, Tonini R, Shope CD. et al. Dyslipidemia and auditory function. Otol Neurotol 2006; 27 (05) 609-614
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Gates GA, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA. The relation of hearing in the elderly to the presence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 119 (02) 156-161
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Gopinath B, Flood VM, McMahon CM. et al. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with the prevalence but not incidence of age-related hearing loss. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15 (10) 896-900
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Gratton MA, Wright CG. Alterations of inner ear morphology in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Hear Res 1992; 61 (1–2): 97-105
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Preyer S, Baisch A, Bless D, Gummer AW. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in human hypercholesterolemia. Hear Res 2001; 152 (1–2): 139-151
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Agrawal Y, Platz EA, Niparko JK. Prevalence of hearing loss and differences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168 (14) 1522-1530
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Baraldi GS, Almeida LC, Borges ACLC. Hearing loss and hypertension: findings in an elderly group. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 2004; 70 (05) 640-644
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 49 Torre III P, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK, Klein R, Nondahl DM. The association between cardiovascular disease and cochlear function in older adults. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2005; 48 (02) 473-481
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Pyykkö I, Koskimies K, Starck J, Pekkarinen J, Inaba R. Evaluation of factors affecting sensory neural hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1988; 449 (449) 155-158
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Przewoźny T, Gójska-Grymajło A, Kwarciany M, Gąsecki D, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension and cochlear hearing loss. Blood Press 2015; 24 (04) 199-205
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Lin FR, Maas P, Chien W, Carey JP, Ferrucci L, Thorpe R. Association of skin color, race/ethnicity, and hearing loss among adults in the USA. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2012; 13 (01) 109-117
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar