Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104774
Flächendeckende Akutversorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten durch die (Neuro-)Radiologie ist gewährleistet
Article in several languages: English | deutschPublication History
31 January 2017
22 February 2017
Publication Date:
09 March 2017 (online)
2015 marked the beginning of a new age in the treatment of ischemic stroke: Multiple randomized prospective international multicenter studies (MR CLEAN, SWIFT-PRIME, ESCAPE, EXTENDA-IA, REVASCAT) have shown the high level of effectiveness of endovascular therapy, i. e., minimally invasive removal of a thrombus with the help of a catheter system (stent retriever) under angiographic guidance [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]. The level of evidence for mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers is now 1a and for thrombus aspiration is 2a. The endovascular treatment option thus became the leading evidence-based treatment for severe ischemic stroke (NIHSS ≥ 6 for stroke in the anterior circulation) and is accordingly recommended in national and international guidelines [9] [10].
The current estimate in Germany is 260 000 strokes per year. 80 % to 85 % of these patients suffered an ischemic cerebral infarction, approximately 25 % of which can be systemically treated with rtPA (“recombinant tissue plasminogen activator”). 5 % to a maximum of 10 % of all patients with ischemic stroke are suitable for endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy and must reach an appropriate treatment center in time (“time is brain”). We assume that all suitable patients in Germany are able to be treated at certified centers equipped with this treatment option.
The consequences of the new evidence are major and include the transition of an individual medical treatment to a recognized treatment method. The next step was to ensure professional training that is integrated in specialist training requirements and thus provides the basis for specialization as an interventional radiologist [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. This structured training is ensured in Germany with specialist training in radiology and complementary specialization in neuroradiology. Certification represents a further step in the creation of a quality structure through data collection as performed on a voluntary basis for more than two decades by the DeGIR system developed by the Institute for Quality and Patient Safety (BQS). In the final step, a proven effective treatment must be provided on a comprehensive basis since every patient has a right to receive a recognized disease-specific treatment. This comprehensive care is based on the existing structures of stroke units (17), which are a requirement for interdisciplinary stroke-specific treatment by neurologists, radiologists and neuroradiologists.
German neuroradiology, which played an important role in the introduction and clinical development of thrombectomy, was not surprised by the new situation in 2015. The German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) and the German Society for Neuroradiology (DGNR) have been offering certificates for neurointerventional procedures (modules E and F) since 2012. “Module E”, part of the ongoing series of treatment fields in interventional radiology, includes all vessel-opening procedures involving the vessels supplying the brain (extra- and intracranial). Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke is one of these procedures. 100 interventions, at least 30 extracranial and 30 intracranial, must be documented for certification in this module. Only specialists in radiology are eligible for certification. Proof of the number of cases can be provided via the DeGIR register for quality management [www.degir.de].
A survey was performed in late summer 2015 to determine the availability of care in Germany. The survey had an unusually high rate of participation. At that time there were 279 stroke units in Germany including 106 national stroke units/neurovascular networks (17). Neurointerventional care at the national stroke units is provided by neuroradiologists in approx. 85 % of cases and radiologists in approx. 15 %. At the end of 2015, 123 hospitals in Germany had teams available to perform mechanical thrombectomy 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Over 420 neurointerventionalists were available, 320 of whom had DeGIR/DGNR level-2 certification for module E or had submitted an application for processing. In the same year, 285 institutes/hospitals entered data in the BQS system. 169 entered data for module E. 7302 neurointerventional recanalization treatments were documented in detail. This number shows that thrombectomy, which, with more than 70 %, accounts for the greatest portion of module E data, is an integral part of the actual situation in medical care. Compared to the data entered in 2013 (4849 datasets) and 2014 (5411 datasets), the entered data also documents the increase in activity and the verifiable increase in acute stroke therapy. Under consideration of the voluntary nature of the data entry and the lack of participation of some hospitals, a significantly higher number of actual cases can be assumed.
In our opinion, the presented map of Germany ([Fig. 1] and [Table 1]) impressively documents the status of German (neuro-) radiology in year 1 of the evidence regarding endovascular stroke treatment. 114 hospitals that consented to publication of their data (address with or without specification of the number of module E cases in the year 2015) are included. Of the total of 169 institutes/hospitals that entered data for module E, 132 responded to the survey. This yields a very good participation rate of 78 %. Of the 132 institutes/hospitals, 18 refused to be named on the map and 32 only wanted to be named as a center without numbers. The hope is that in the future the motivation to enter data will not only continue but also increase and that even more hospitals will participate.
Nr. |
Klinik-, Institutsname |
Interventionen 2015 Modul E |
1 |
Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
191 |
2 |
Klinikum Augsburg, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
217 |
3 |
Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
55 |
4 |
Herz und Gefässzentrum Bad Bevensen, Radiologie |
9 |
5 |
Herz- und Gefäß-Klinik GmbH Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
54 |
6 |
HELIOS Klinikum Bad Saarow, Institut für Radiologie |
28 |
7 |
Klinikum Bad Salzungen GmbH, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
1 |
8 |
Sozialstiftung Bamberg – Klinikum Bamberg, Klinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
5 |
9 |
Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Institut für Radiologie und interventionelle Therapie |
75 |
10 |
Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum, Institut für Radiologie und Interventionelle Therapie |
23 |
11 |
Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Praxis für Radiologie/Neuroradiologie am JKB |
130 |
12 |
DRK Kliniken Berlin (Köpenick), Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
13 |
Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln 2, Institut für klinische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
245 |
14 |
Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Institut für Neuroradiologie |
109 |
15 |
Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
69 |
16 |
Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum-Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Institut f. Diagnostische u. Interventionelle Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
127 |
17 |
Universitätsklinik Bonn, Radiologische Universitätsklinik |
151 |
18 |
Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Bonn, Abteilung für Radiologie |
65 |
19 |
Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
20 |
20 |
Klinikum Bremerhaven – Reinkenheide gGmbH, Röntgendiagnostik und Nuklearmedizin |
17 |
21 |
Klinikum Darmstadt, Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
74 |
22 |
Herz-Jesu-Krankenhaus Dernbach, Klinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
k.A. |
23 |
Klinikum Dortmund, Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
53 |
24 |
Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
121 |
25 |
Klinikum Duisburg, Wedau Kliniken, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
66 |
26 |
Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
10 |
27 |
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
115 |
28 |
HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt GmbH, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
218 |
29 |
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Abteilung für Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
30 |
Uniklinikum Essen, Klinik für Radiologie |
k.A. |
31 |
Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Klinik für Radiologie & Neuroradiologie |
109 |
32 |
Klinikum Esslingen, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
k.A. |
33 |
Ev. Luth. Diakonissenanstalt zu Flensburg, Diagnostische + Interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
122 |
34 |
Krankenhaus Nordwest, Neuroradiologie |
42 |
35 |
Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Radiologisches Zentralinstitut |
47 |
36 |
Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Klinik für Neuroradiologie |
164 |
37 |
Klinikum Fulda gAG, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
38 |
Klinikum Fürth, Radiologisches Institut |
k.A. |
39 |
KRH Klinikum Robert-Koch Gehrden, Radiologische Abteilung |
k.A. |
40 |
SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
15 |
41 |
Christophsbad Fachklinik GmbH, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
42 |
42 |
Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Neuroradiologie |
121 |
43 |
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
80 |
44 |
Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle Dölau, Institut für Radiologie |
k.A. |
45 |
Asklepios Klinik Altona, Neuroradiologie |
207 |
46 |
Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Röntgeninstitut |
k.A. |
47 |
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neuroradiologische Diagnostik und Intervention |
230 |
48 |
Asklepios Klinik Nord, Abteilung Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
76 |
49 |
Diakoniekrankenhaus Henriettenstiftung, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
6 |
50 |
KRH Klinikum Siloah-Oststadt-Heidehaus, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
51 |
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
174 |
52 |
Nordstadt Klinikum Hannover, Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
103 |
53 |
Westküstenklinikum Heide, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
73 |
54 |
Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Abteilung Neuroradiologie |
276 |
55 |
SLK-Kliniken GmbH, Klinik für Radiologie, Minimal-invasive Therapien und Nuklearmedizin |
k.A. |
56 |
Klinikum Herford, Radiologische Klinik |
k.A. |
57 |
Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
160 |
58 |
Klinikum Ingolstadt, Zentrum für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
76 |
59 |
SRH-Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Diagnostische Radiologie / Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
60 |
Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
186 |
61 |
Klinikum Kempten, Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
38 |
62 |
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein – Campus Kiel, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
180 |
63 |
Stiftungsklinikum Mittelrhein , Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
164 |
64 |
Universitätsklinik Köln, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
103 |
65 |
Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
105 |
66 |
Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Abteilung für Neuroradiologie |
101 |
67 |
Sana Kliniken Lübeck GmbH, Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
40 |
68 |
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Institut für Neuroradiologie |
208 |
69 |
Märkische Kliniken GmbH – Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
49 |
70 |
St. Marien-Hospital Lünen GmbH, Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
104 |
71 |
Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Institut für Neuroradiologie |
70 |
72 |
Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neuroradiologie |
123 |
73 |
Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Abteilung für Neuroradiologie |
65 |
74 |
Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
75 |
Klinikum Meiningen, Abteilung Radiologie |
44 |
76 |
Krankenhaus Ludmillenstift Meppen, Abteilung für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
77 |
St. Josef Krankenhaus, Abteilung für diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
78 |
Hufeland KIinikum GmbH Standort Mühlhausen, Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
5 |
79 |
Klinikum Bogenhausen, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
72 |
80 |
Klinikum Schwabing Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Radiologie Klinikum Schwabing |
k.A. |
81 |
Klinikum München-Harlaching, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Neuroradiologie u. Nuklearmedizin |
209 |
82 |
Klinikum rechts der Isar, Neuroradiologie |
226 |
83 |
Universitätsklinikum Münster, Institut für Klinische Radiologie |
168 |
84 |
Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum Neubrandenburg, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
29 |
85 |
Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
130 |
86 |
Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
1 |
87 |
Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische u. Interventionelle Radiologie u. Nuklearmedizin |
70 |
88 |
St. Martinus Hospital, Radiologie |
k.A. |
89 |
Klinikum Passau, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
90 |
Oberschwabenklinik Ravensburg, Sektion Neuroradiologie |
97 |
91 |
Klinikum Vest, Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
216 |
92 |
Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin |
41 |
93 |
Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Radiologie |
58 |
94 |
Krankenhaus Rendsburg, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
25 |
95 |
Diakoniekrankenhaus Rotenburg (Wümme) gGmbH, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Neuroradiologie |
51 |
96 |
Klinikum Saarbrücken, Institut für Radiologie |
92 |
97 |
Leopoldina-Krankenhaus der Stadt Schweinfurt GmbH, Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
98 |
HELIOS Kliniken Schwerin, Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
108 |
99 |
Kreisklinikum Siegen, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie |
k.A. |
100 |
Elbe Klinikum Stade, Abteilung für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
5 |
101 |
Klinikum St. Elisabeth Straubing GmbH, Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
102 |
Katharinenhospital, Neuroradiologie |
377 |
103 |
Klinikum Traunstein, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
104 |
Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Zentrum für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie, Sonographie und Nuklearmedizin |
47 |
105 |
Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Abteilung Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie |
193 |
106 |
Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Radiologische Abteilung |
33 |
107 |
Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
k.A. |
108 |
Schwarzwald-Baar Klinikum Villingen-Schwenningen GmbH, Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin (RAN) |
k.A. |
109 |
Klinikum Weiden, Diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
54 |
110 |
Harzklinikum Dorothea Christiane Erxleben GmbH, Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie |
19 |
111 |
Ammerland-Klinik GmbH, Institut f. Diagnostische u. Interventionelle Radiologie |
70 |
112 |
HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Zentrum für Radiologie |
186 |
113 |
Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinisches Zentrum StädteRegion Aachen GmbH |
k.A. |
114 |
Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau gGmbH, Radiologie/Neuroradiologie |
88 |
Legende Rückmeldung: Alles (= Nennung von Klinik und Fallzahl); ja-verblindet (= Nennung der Klinik ja-verblindet Fallzahlen); Nichts (= keine Zahlen, keine Nennung der Klinik).
The map ([Fig. 1] and [Table 1]) also shows that there is a lack of individual established hospitals with a high level of expertise and a large number of cases. For the future, it would be desirable for this map, which is also to be published in upcoming years, to provide an even more realistic representation of the nationwide care available in Germany. In addition, the quality of data entry is to be improved. Starting in 2017, we expect better delineation of acute stroke treatment within module E and statements regarding the clinical success of this treatment as a result of some changes to the software.
We should all be invested in documenting the good quality of the comprehensive treatment of acute stroke by qualified radiologists and neuroradiologists. The implementation of current recommendations and guidelines regarding stroke treatment and training [9] [10] [13] [14] [14] [18], the availability of specialist –expertise and the internal hospital infrastructure lay the groundwork for the creation of a center that should target a high number of cases. For stroke patients with rtPA treatment, an inverse relationship between the number of cases and the mortality rate at the hospital was shown [19]. Under the condition of proof of expertise within a certified stroke unit and in alliance with national centers, hospitals with a lower number of cases have the right to be part of a Germany-wide stroke treatment network.
As stated in numerous papers of the professional societies, this combination of comprehensive training, structural clarity and quality assurance is unique in an international comparison. All professional societies working in the field of stroke medicine (DeGIR, DGN, DGNR, DGS, DRG) emphasize that thrombectomy should be performed exclusively by neuro-/radiology specialists [16]. Neurologists and radiologists are the only ones with the expert knowledge of the morphological and functional imaging necessary for decisions regarding therapy and with the pathophysiological and technical knowledge needed for the successful use of this minimally invasive method in cerebral vessels (evidence level 2b [20]).
Mechanical thrombectomy must be integrated in the comprehensive network of certified stroke units. These structures are essential for further lowering the mortality rate in the case of severe stroke and improving treatment outcome for patients. The requirements outlined here provide the basis for high-quality care of acute stroke in Germany.
-
Literatur
- 1 Berkhemer OA. Fransen PS. Beumer D. et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 11-20
- 2 Campbell BC. Mitchell PJ. Kleinig TJ. et al. Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1009-1018
- 3 Friedrich B. Gawlitza M. Fahnert J. et al. Die interventionelle Behandlung des ischämischen Schlaganfalls – eine (R)evolution. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 2016; 188: 259-267
- 4 Goyal M. Demchuk AM. Menon BK. et al. Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1019-1030
- 5 Goyal M. Menon BK. van Zwam WH. et al. for the HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016; 387: 1723-1731
- 6 Jovin TG. Chamorro A. Cobo E. et al. Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2296-2306
- 7 Saver JL. Goyal M. Bonafe A. et al. Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2285-2295
- 8 Saver JL. Goyal M. van der Lugt A. et al. for the HERMES Collaborators. Time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and outcomes from ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2016; 316: 1279-1288
- 9 Powers WJ. Derdeyn CP. Biller J. et al. 2015 AHA/ASA Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2015; 46: 3020-3035
- 10 Ringleb PA. Hamann GF. Röther J. et al. Akuttherapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls – Ergänzung 2015 Rekanalisierende Therapie. Entwicklungsstufe: S2k. 2016 www.dgn.org www.awmf.de
- 11 Berlis A. "German Curriculum in Interventional Neuroradiology—How Many Interventionalists are Necessary? Did We Need Support from Other Societies for Stroke Treatment?". Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 25: 345-347
- 12 Berlis A. Editorial on the impact of the “International guidelines for endovascular stroke intervention” on training and education in Germany. Clin Neuroradiol 2016; 26: 1-3
- 13 Berlis A. Weber W. Interventional Stroke treatment in Germany is a joint effort between Neuro- and General Interventional Radiologists. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2016; 39: 1539-1540
- 14 Mahnken AH. Bücker A. Hohl C. et al. White Paper: Curriculum in Interventional Radiology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2017; 189: 307-309
- 15 Weber W. Berlis A. Quality assurance in interventional Neuroradiology. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 25: 115-117 (Suppl 2)
- 16 Positionspapier der Fachgesellschaften – Versorgung des ischämischen Schlaganfalls in Deutschland gehört in die Hände der neurologischen und neuro-/radiologischen Facharztdisziplinen. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2016; 188: 696
- 17 Nabavi DG. Ossenbrink M. Schinkel M. et al. Aktualisierte Zertifizierungskriterien für regionale und überregionale Stroke-Units in Deutschland. Nervenarzt 2015; 86: 978-988
- 18 Lavine SD. Cockroft K. Hoh B. et al. Training guidelines for endovascular stroke intervention: an international multi-society consensus document. Neuroradiology 2016; 58: 537-541
- 19 Heuschmann PU. Kolomsky-Rabas PL. Röther J. for the German Stroke Register Study Group. Predictors of In-Hospital mortality in patients with ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 2004; 292: 1831-1838
- 20 Wahlgren N. Moreira T. Michel P. et al. Mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: Consensus statement by ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update 2014/2015, supported by ESO, ESMINT, ESNR and EAN. International Journal of Stroke 2016; 11: 134-147