Implizite Assoziationen mit dem Tod: Erste Validierung einer deutschen Version des Impliziten Assoziationstests für Suizidalität (Suizid-IAT)

Zusammenfassung

Nock, Park, Finn, et al. [1] entwickelten einen impliziten Assoziationstest für Suizid (Suizid-IAT), der die Stärke der Assoziation zwischen den Kategorien ‚Tod‘ und ‚Ich‘ misst. Sie konnten zeigen, dass Patienten mit einem Suizidversuch eine stärkere Assoziation zwischen ‚Tod‘ und ‚Ich‘ als zwischen ‚Leben‘ und ‚Ich‘ zeigten im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Suizidversuch. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Vorstellung einer deutschen Version des IATs für Suizid von Nock, Park, Finn, et al. [1] sowie dessen Validierung an einer Stichprobe aus 16 Patienten mit einer depressiven Störung und Suizidgedanken sowie 16 nicht depressiven Kontrollprobanden ohne Suizidgedanken. Außerdem untersuchen wir Zusammenhänge zwischen dem IAT und Suizidgedanken, -verhalten, bekannten Risikofaktoren für Suizidalität wie Depressivität und Hoffnungslosigkeit sowie den zentralen Konzepten der Interpersonalen Theorie suizidalen Verhaltens und Erlebens nach Joiner [2], Thwarted Belongingness und Perceived Burdensomeness. Es zeigte sich, dass Patienten ‚Tod‘ und ‚Ich‘ stärker assoziieren als Kontrollprobanden. Darüber hinaus fanden wir bedeutsame Zusammenhänge impliziter Assoziationen zwischen ‚Tod‘ und ‚Ich‘ mit expliziten Auskünften zu suizidalem Verhalten – über Depressivität, Hoffnungslosigkeit und Suizidgedanken hinaus. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Validität dieser deutschen Version des Suizid-IATs und werden im Licht der Theorie suizidalen Verhaltens sowie der aktuellen Suizidforschung diskutiert.

Abstract

Nock, Park, Finn, et al. [1] developed an implicit association test for suicide (suicide IAT) measuring the implicit association between ‘death’ and ‘self’. They demonstrated that psychiatric patients, who already attempted suicide, showed stronger implicit associations with ‘death’ than with ‘life’ compared to patients without suicide attempt history. The present study had 2 aims: (1) to present a new German version of the suicide IAT and provide its first validation and (2) to investigate how implicit associations (suicide IAT) relate to suicidal ideation and behaviour, well-known risk factors such as depressiveness and hopelessness, and central concepts of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide [2], Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness. The sample consisted of 16 patients with a current Major Depression and suicidal ideation as well as 16 non-depressive, non-suicidal controls. Patients showed stronger associations between ‘death’ and ‘self’ than controls. We further found positive correlations between implicit associations with death and explicitly self-reported suicidal behaviour – controlled for depressiveness, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. Our results confirm the validity of the German version of the suicide IAT and are discussed in the light of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behaviour [2] and recent suicide research.

Schlüsselwörter

suizidales Verhalten - Suizidgedanken - implizite Assoziationen - Depressivität

Key words

suicidal behaviour - suicidal ideation - implicit associations - depressiveness

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