Transplantation komplexer Gewebeverbände (Extremitäten und Gesicht)

Die rekonstruktive Transplantation (RT) gilt als jüngstes Gebiet in der Transplantationsmedizin. Patienten, die nach einem schweren Trauma eine Hand verloren haben und prothetisch nicht zufriedenstellend zu versorgen sind, sowie Patienten, deren schwere Gesichtsverletzungen nicht mit konventionellen Methoden rekonstruierbar sind, können von einer solchen Transplantation profitieren.

Kernaussagen

• Die rekonstruktive Transplantationsmedizin umfasst Gesichts-, Extremitäten- und in neuester Zeit auch Uterus- und Penistransplantation.

• Diese Form der Transplantation ist indiziert bei Patienten, die prothetisch nicht zufriedenstellend zu versorgen sind bzw. deren schwere Gesichtsverletzungen nicht mit konventionellen Methoden rekonstruierbar sind.

• Immunologisch hat die rekonstruktive Transplantation eine Sonderstellung. So hat jeder Gewebetyp des Transplantates unterschiedliche Eigenschaften: Die Immunologie transplantierter Haut und einer vaskularisierten Knochenmarkkomponente sind von besonderer Bedeutung.

• Neue therapeutische Konzepte zur Induktion von Toleranz bleiben eine Hoffnung für die Zukunft und würden eine breitere Anwendung dieser Technologie erlauben.

Schlüsselwörter

Handtransplantation - Gesichtstransplantation - Abstoßungsreaktion - Immunsuppression

• Literatur

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