Fibrillationen und Faszikulationen bei der Evaluation neuromuskulärer Patienten

Zusammenfassung

Fibrillationen und Faszikulationen spielen bei einer Vielzahl neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Es handelt sich um unwillkürliche, spontan auftretende Muskelfaserdepolarisationen, die bei der Beurteilung neuromuskulärer Patienten eine wichtige diagnostische und differenzialdiagnostische Bedeutung haben. Neben der klinischen Beobachtung unwillkürlicher Muskelaktivität durch Inspektion stehen mit der Elektromyografie (EMG) und der Muskelsonografie diagnostische Verfahren zur Verfügung, die die Detektion dieser Aktivität erleichtern. Die Muskelsonografie kann Faszikulationen zuverlässiger erfassen als die EMG. Die Zuordnung zu einem krankhaften oder physiologischen Krankheitsbild gelingt jedoch besser mittels EMG, da diese Methode zusätzliche neurogene Veränderungen nachweisen kann. Ob Fibrillationen tatsächlich in der Muskelsonografie dargestellt werden können ist nicht sicher geklärt.

Abstract

Fibrillations and fasciculations play an important role in neuromuscular disease. They represent involuntary spontaneous discharges of muscle components. In the workup of neuromuscular patients, the detection of fibrillations or fasciculations is of high relevance for diagnostic and differential diagnostic reasons. Electromyography (EMG) and in recent years also muscle sonography are valuable tools to increase the diagnostic yield besides clinical inspection of the patient. While sonography has a higher sensitivity for detection of fasciculations, EMG provides information on further pathological alterations of the muscle, too. This enables the interpretation of fasciculations in a pathological or physiological context. It is not clear so far whether fibrillations can be visualized by sonography.

Schlüsselwörter

Fibrillationen - Faszikulationen - Spontanaktivität - EMG - Ultraschall

Key words

fibrillations - fasciculations - spontaneous activity - EMG - ultrasound

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