Motivational Interviewing hilft, die ambivalente innere Haltung von alkoholabhängigen Patienten hin zu einer Veränderungshaltung zu
orientieren. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei immer die Autonomie des Patienten mit seinen Zielen und Wertvorstellungen.
Abstract
Motivational interviewing with alcohol-dependent patients Alcohol-dependent patients do not need to be motivated from the outside. They are
mostly ambivalent, and the inner voice, which already speaks for change (change talk), is heard through motivational interviewing, carefully
strengthened and developed together with the patient. The practitioner has to deal with the human spirit of motivational
interviewing and should be able to communicate with empathy, respect, congruence, and openness. The patient’s autonomy should always be
maintained. Advice is only given upon request. The conversation style is directive-guiding instead of authoritariansteering. OARS and the
EPE principle are the motivational interviewing basics, which are consistently applied over 4 processes of motivational interviewing:
engaging, focusing, evocing, and planning. The likelihood of change talk increases as soon as discrepancies between life goals
and alcohol consumption emerge. An increased rate of change talk makes a change in behavior more likely. If a patient argues against
change (sustain talk), one should not confront, but should consistently work with reflections, reframing, and an emphasis on
autonomy. Motivational interviewing can be applied in different settings and populations, should be learned by the entire team (best
professional guidance) in teamwork, and be subjected to a critical and constant evaluation.
Schlüsselworter
Alkoholabhängigkeit - motivierende Gesprächsführung
alcohol dependancy - motivational interviewing
