Cannabinoide in der Behandlung der Parkinson-Erkrankung

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund der Legalisierung von medizinischem Cannabis und Derivaten in zahlreichen Ländern gelangt diese Behandlungsoption zunehmend in die wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Debatte. Zunehmend häufig werden Behandler von Patienten mit idiopathischer Parkinson-Erkrankung mit der Frage nach Cannabis als Behandlungsalternative insbesondere bei Levodopa-resistenten Symptomen konfrontiert. Im Gegensatz zu zahlreichen positiven Einzelfallberichten und Fallserien bieten die wenigen Placebo-kontrollierten Studien nur wenige Hinweise auf eine positive Wirkung von Cannabinoiden auf Parkinson-Symptome. Lediglich in einer Arbeit konnte eine leichte Reduktion von Levodopa-induzierten Dyskinesien nachgewiesen werden, die drei anderen Arbeiten zeigen keinen Effekt auf motorische Symptome. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die Wirkungsweise von Cannabis und Forschungsergebnisse zu Cannabinoiden in der Behandlung der idiopathischen Parkinson-Erkrankung geben.

Abstract

Due to the changing legal status of medical cannabis and derivatives in numerous countries, this therapeutic option has moved into the field of public debate. Neurologists treating patients with idiopathic Parkinsonʼs disease are increasingly confronted with questions regarding cannabis as a treatment alternative, especially for levodopa-resistant Parkinsonʼs symptoms. A number of single case reports and case series suggested improvement of Parkinsonian symptoms after cannabinoid intake, but the small number of available randomized clinical trials failed to reproduce the extent of these findings. Only one trial found a reduction of levodopa-induced dyskinesia with cannabinoid treatment, the remaining three trials showed no effect on Parkinsonian symptoms. This article gives an overview on the effects of cannabis, and reviews experimental and clinical trials studying the effects of cannabinoids in idiopathic Parkinsonʼs disease.

Schlüsselwörter

Parkinson - THC - Cannabis - Cannabinoide

Keywords

Parkinsonʼs disease - THC - cannabis - cannabinoids

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