Zusammenfassung
Traumatische Verletzungen des zentralen Nervensystems stellen die Folge einer äußeren
Gewalteinwirkung auf Gehirn oder Rückenmark dar. Sowohl das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma als
auch das spinale Trauma sind dynamische Krankheitsbilder, die besondere Anforderungen
an Diagnostik und Therapie stellen und somit in spezialisierten Zentren versorgt werden
sollten.
Abstract
The term “traumatic injuries of the central nervous system” (CNS) refers to both traumatic
brain injury (TBI) as well as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Both types of injuries
substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality in developed as well as developing
countries. The underlying pathophysiological processes are very complex and despite
extensive research efforts they are still not completely understood. Therefore, traumatic
injuries to the CNS pose special challenges for preclinical and clinical management.
Thus, in order to treat these conditions effectively an interdisciplinary treatment
approach consisting of intensive conservative as well as operative treatment options
in specialized centers experienced in the treatment of patients with traumatic injuries
of the CNS is necessary. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology,
diagnostic approaches as well as current preclinical and clinical treatment options
based on current guidelines and literature. Finally, the prognosis for both conditions
is outlined.
Schlüsselwörter
Schädel-Hirn-Trauma - Rückenmarktrauma - Neurointensivmedizin - Zentralnervensystem
Key words
traumatic brain injury - spinal cord injury - central nervous system
