Zusammenfassung
Ziel Analyse von Suiziden während psychiatrischer Hospitalisationen innerhalb und außerhalb einer psychiatrischen Klinik.
Methodik Detailanalyse von 436 Suiziden stationärer Patienten in der Schweiz im Zeitraum 2000 – 2010.
Ergebnisse Ein Drittel der Suizide ereignete sich in der psychiatrischen Klinik, am häufigsten durch Sprung in die Tiefe (ab dem ersten Stock), Erhängen und Intoxikation. Außerhalb der Klinik erfolgten die Suizide durch Überfahrenwerden von einem Zug, Sprung in die Tiefe und Ertrinken.
Schlussfolgerung Suizidprävention in psychiatrischen Kliniken sollte besonders auf diese 5 Methoden abzielen. Maßnahmen müssen den Besonderheiten von Kliniksuiziden angepasst werden. Sprungsuizide sollten ab dem ersten Stock verunmöglicht werden.
Abstract
Objective To analyze characteristics of suicide methods of psychiatric inpatients that were carried out within and outside of psychiatric hospitals in order to identify adequate suicide prevention measures.
Methods Data of 436 inpatient suicides were included in the data base of all institutes of forensic medicine in Switzerland for the years 2000 – 2010. We compared details of suicide methods that were applied within and outside psychiatric hospitals.
Results About two thirds of all suicides were carried out outside psychiatric hospitals. Inpatients most often used jumping in front of a train, jumps from heights and drowning outside of the hospital. Within psychiatric care units patients most often died by hanging, jumps from height and self-poisoning. Heights of fall were significantly lower in suicides carried out within the hospital (Median 9 versus 22 m). In psychiatric hospitals incomplete hanging was found in 75.6 %. Waist belts were the tools most often employed.
Conclusions Windows and other spots in inpatient units should be secured if higher than first storey respectively 4 meters. Suspension points have to be secured at a low level especially in non-public rooms.
Schlüsselwörter Suizid - psychiatrische Klinik - Suizidprävention - Methodenrestriktion - Schweiz
Keywords suicide - psychiatric inpatients - suicide prevention - restriction of means - Switzerland
