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Int J Angiol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787652
Review Article

Venous Thromboembolism: Current Insights and Future Directions

Sahar Mahani
1   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
,
Michael V. DiCaro
2   Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
,
Nadia Tak
4   University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
,
Sigurd Hartnett
2   Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
3   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, North Las Vegas and Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
,
Tillman Cyrus
2   Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
3   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, North Las Vegas and Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
,
Tahir Tak
2   Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
3   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, North Las Vegas and Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of death worldwide even though incidence rates differ globally. Western nations report 1 to 2 cases per 1,000 person-years, while Eastern countries exhibit lower rates (<1 per 1,000 person-years). This comprehensive review delves into diverse VTE risk factors including gender, diabetes, obesity, smoking, genetic mutations, hormonal influences, travel, infections, trauma, and cancer. Notably, VTE incidence is highest in certain cancers (such as pancreatic, liver, and non-small-cell lung cancers) and lowest in others (such as breast, melanoma, and prostate cancers). The extensive review provides essential information about prevalent factors and explores potential molecular mechanism contributing to VTE.

Keywords

deep venous thrombosis - pulmonary embolism - pulmonary hypertension - thromboembolic disease - anticoagulation - thrombolytic - right heart strain - cancer


Publication History

Article published online:
08 July 2024

© 2024. International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers
333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

 

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