Download PDF
Clin Colon Rectal Surg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791282
Review Article

The Epidemiology of Diverticulitis

Christopher J. Neylan
1   Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Alyson Kim
2   Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Maya Amy
3   Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Paul T. Hernandez
1   Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Diverticular disease consists of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Diverticulosis is commonly encountered, and approximately 4% of patients with diverticulosis will progress to develop diverticulitis, which represents a significant health care burden in the United States. Diverticular disease has an increasing incidence both in the United States and globally as important risk factors, including obesity, are becoming more prevalent. The pathophysiology of diverticular disease remains incompletely understood, although geographic and population-based differences in its prevalence and anatomic distribution have generated several hypotheses as to the impact of genetic and environmental factors on development and disease progression. Uncomplicated diverticulitis has had a low mortality rate for the last several decades, but in-hospital mortality approaches 7% for patients with complicated diverticulitis who require emergent surgery. For patients that develop diverticulitis, recent population-based data have led to an improved understanding of which patients will suffer recurrent episodes. This knowledge has facilitated informed discussions with patients and has changed practice in terms of elective surgery.

Keywords

diverticulitis - diverticulosis - epidemiology - colonic diverticula


Publication History

Article published online:
04 October 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Kim CN. What is the difference between right- and left-sided colonic diverticulitis?. Ann Coloproctol 2016; 32 (06) 206-207
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Telem DA, Buch KE, Nguyen SQ, Chin EH, Weber KJ, Divino CM. Current recommendations on diagnosis and management of right-sided diverticulitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2009; 2009: 359485
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Matrana MR, Margolin DA. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of diverticular disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2009; 22 (03) 141-146
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Peery AF, Keku TO, Addamo C. et al. Colonic diverticula are not associated with mucosal inflammation or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16 (06) 884-891.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Peery AF, Barrett PR, Park D. et al. A high-fiber diet does not protect against asymptomatic diverticulosis. Gastroenterology 2012; 142 (02) 266-72.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Gaber CE, Kinlaw AC, Edwards JK. et al. Comparative effectiveness and harms of antibiotics for outpatient diverticulitis : two nationwide cohort studies. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174 (06) 737-746
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Simianu VV, Strate LL, Billingham RP. et al. The impact of elective colon resection on rates of emergency surgery for diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2016; 263 (01) 123-129
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Francis NK, Sylla P, Abou-Khalil M. et al. EAES and SAGES 2018 consensus conference on acute diverticulitis management: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Surg Endosc 2019; 33 (09) 2726-2741
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Hall J, Hardiman K, Lee S. et al; Prepared on behalf of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63 (06) 728-747
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Poh CW, Goh CK, Tan DJH, Chong CS. Antibiotics vs observational therapy in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38 (01) 97
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Chabok A, Påhlman L, Hjern F, Haapaniemi S, Smedh K. AVOD Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2012; 99 (04) 532-539
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, de Korte N. et al; Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104 (01) 52-61
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Painter NS, Burkitt DP. Diverticular disease of the colon: a deficiency disease of Western civilization. BMJ 1971; 2 (5759) 450-454
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Munie ST, Nalamati SPM. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of diverticular disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2018; 31 (04) 209-213
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Humes DJ, Spiller RC. Review article: the pathogenesis and management of acute colonic diverticulitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39 (04) 359-370
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Strate LL, Liu YL, Syngal S, Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL. Nut, corn, and popcorn consumption and the incidence of diverticular disease. JAMA 2008; 300 (08) 907-914
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Rege RV, Nahrwold DL. Diverticular disease. Curr Probl Surg 1989; 26 (03) 133-189
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of diverticulitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156 (05) 1282-1298.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Mora-López L, Ruiz-Edo N, Estrada-Ferrer O. et al; DINAMO-study Group. Efficacy and safety of nonantibiotic outpatient treatment in mild acute diverticulitis (DINAMO-study): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, noninferiority trial. Ann Surg 2021; 274 (05) e435-e442
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Violi A, Cambiè G, Miraglia C. et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for diverticular disease. Acta Biomed 2018; 89 (9-S): 107-112
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Peery AF, Keku TO, Martin CF. et al. Distribution and characteristics of colonic diverticula in a United States screening population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14 (07) 980-985.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Townsend C. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 21st ed. Elsevier;; 2021
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sheth AA, Longo W, Floch MH. Diverticular disease and diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103 (06) 1550-1556
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Bharucha AE, Parthasarathy G, Ditah I. et al. Temporal trends in the incidence and natural history of diverticulitis: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110 (11) 1589-1596
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Etzioni DA, Mack TM, Beart Jr RW, Kaiser AM. Diverticulitis in the United States: 1998-2005: changing patterns of disease and treatment. Ann Surg 2009; 249 (02) 210-217
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Shahedi K, Fuller G, Bolus R. et al. Long-term risk of acute diverticulitis among patients with incidental diverticulosis found during colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11 (12) 1609-1613
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Loffeld RJ, Van Der Putten AB. Diverticular disease of the colon and concomitant abnormalities in patients undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the large bowel. Colorectal Dis 2002; 4 (03) 189-192
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Vally M, Koto MZ, Govender M. An investigation of diverticular disease among black patients undergoing colonoscopy at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. S Afr Med J/Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde 2017; 107 (02) 137-139
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Akere A, Oke TO, Otegbayo JA. Colonoscopy at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwest Nigeria: spectrum of indications and colonic abnormalities. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15 (03) 109-113
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Calder JF. Diverticular disease of the colon in Africans. BMJ 1979; 1 (6176) 1465-1466
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Ogutu EO, Okoth FA, Lule GN. Colonoscopic findings in Kenyan African patients. East Afr Med J 1998; 75 (09) 540-543
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Ogunbiyi OA. Diverticular disease of the colon in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 1989; 18 (04) 241-244
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Alatise OI, Arigbabu AO, Agbakwuru EA, Lawal OO, Ndububa DA, Ojo OS. Spectrum of colonoscopy findings in Ile-Ife Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2012; 19 (04) 219-224
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Torabi J, Abeshouse M, Giibwa A. et al. Remote training and teleproctoring in gastrointestinal endoscopy for practicing surgeon in rural Uganda. Surg Endosc 2023; 37 (11) 8785-8790
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Bae HJ, Kim ST, Hong SG. et al. Risk factors for asymptomatic colon diverticulosis. Korean J Gastroenterol 2019; 74 (03) 142-148
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Miura S, Kodaira S, Shatari T, Nishioka M, Hosoda Y, Hisa TK. Recent trends in diverticulosis of the right colon in Japan: retrospective review in a regional hospital. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43 (10) 1383-1389
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Wolfe C, Halsey-Nichols M, Ritter K, McCoin N. Abdominal pain in the emergency department: how to select the correct imaging for diagnosis. Open Access Emerg Med 2022; 14: 335-345
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Alexandersson BT, Stefánsson T. Incidence and recurrence rate of sigmoid diverticulitis in patients requiring admission to hospital in Iceland from 1985 to 2014: nationwide population-based register study. BJS Open 2020; 4 (06) 1217-1226
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Gumber A, O'Kelly J, Shalli K. Rectal diverticulum: a rare surgical dilemma that manifest in different ways and manageable with new treatment options. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12 (07) 1660-1664
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Fong SS, Tan EY, Foo A, Sim R, Cheong DM. The changing trend of diverticular disease in a developing nation. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13 (03) 312-316
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Strassle PD, Kinlaw AC, Chaumont N. et al. Rates of elective colectomy for diverticulitis continued to increase after 2006 guideline change. Gastroenterology 2019; 157 (06) 1679-1681.e11
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Lee JM, Bai P Chang J, El Hechi M. et al. Hartmann's procedure vs primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy for acute diverticulitis: nationwide analysis of 2,729 emergency surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 229 (01) 48-55
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Rose J, Parina RP, Faiz O, Chang DC, Talamini MA. Long-term outcomes after initial presentation of diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2015; 262 (06) 1046-1053
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Lamb MN, Kaiser AM. Elective resection versus observation after nonoperative management of complicated diverticulitis with abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2014; 57 (12) 1430-1440
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 El-Sayed C, Radley S, Mytton J, Evison F, Ward ST. Risk of recurrent disease and surgery following an admission for acute diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61 (03) 382-389
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Li D, de Mestral C, Baxter NN. et al. Risk of readmission and emergency surgery following nonoperative management of colonic diverticulitis: a population-based analysis. Ann Surg 2014; 260 (03) 423-430 , discussion 430–431
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Wheat CL, Strate LL. Trends in hospitalization for diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding in the United States from 2000 to 2010. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14 (01) 96-103.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Weizman AV, Nguyen GC. Diverticular disease: epidemiology and management. Can J Gastroenterol 2011; 25 (07) 385-389
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Wang FW, Chuang HY, Tu MS. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic colorectal diverticulosis in Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15: 40
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Warner E, Crighton EJ, Moineddin R, Mamdani M, Upshur R. Fourteen-year study of hospital admissions for diverticular disease in Ontario. Can J Gastroenterol 2007; 21 (02) 97-99
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Ma W, Nguyen LH, Song M. et al. Intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables and risk of diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114 (09) 1531-1538
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Liu PH, Cao Y, Keeley BR. et al. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of diverticulitis among men. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112 (12) 1868-1876
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Cao Y, Strate LL, Keeley BR. et al. Meat intake and risk of diverticulitis among men. Gut 2018; 67 (03) 466-472
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Strate LL, Keeley BR, Cao Y, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT. Western dietary pattern increases, and prudent dietary pattern decreases, risk of incident diverticulitis in a prospective cohort study. Gastroenterology 2017; 152 (05) 1023-1030.e2
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 55 Peery AF, Sandler RS, Ahnen DJ. et al. Constipation and a low-fiber diet are not associated with diverticulosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11 (12) 1622-1627
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 Strate LL, Liu YL, Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL. Physical activity decreases diverticular complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (05) 1221-1230
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 Hjern F, Wolk A, Håkansson N. Obesity, physical inactivity, and colonic diverticular disease requiring hospitalization in women: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107 (02) 296-302
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 58 Williams PT. Incident diverticular disease is inversely related to vigorous physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41 (05) 1042-1047
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 Peery AF, Keku TO, Galanko JA, Sandler RS. Sex and race disparities in diverticulosis prevalence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18 (09) 1980-1986
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 60 Kang JY, Dhar A, Pollok R. et al. Diverticular disease of the colon: ethnic differences in frequency. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19 (07) 765-769
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 61 Braschi C, Liu JK, Moazzez A, Lee H, Petrie BA. Racial disparities in surgical outcomes of acute diverticulitis: have we moved the needle?. J Surg Res 2023; 283: 889-897
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 62 Akram WM, Vohra N, Irish W, Zervos EE, Wong J. Racial disparity in the surgical management of diverticular disease. Am Surg 2022; 88 (05) 929-935
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 63 Daluvoy S, Gonzalez F, Vaziri K, Sabnis A, Brody F. Factors associated with ostomy reversal. Surg Endosc 2008; 22 (10) 2168-2170
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 64 Zafar SN, Changoor NR, Williams K. et al. Race and socioeconomic disparities in national stoma reversal rates. Am J Surg 2016; 211 (04) 710-715
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 65 Maggard MA, Zingmond D, O'Connell JB, Ko CY. What proportion of patients with an ostomy (for diverticulitis) get reversed?. Am Surg 2004; 70 (10) 928-931
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 66 Gueimonde M, Ouwehand A, Huhtinen H, Salminen E, Salminen S. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the bifidobacterial microbiota in the colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer, diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13 (29) 3985-3989
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 67 Daniels L, Budding AE, de Korte N. et al. Fecal microbiome analysis as a diagnostic test for diverticulitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33 (11) 1927-1936
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 68 Makki K, Deehan EC, Walter J, Bäckhed F. The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23 (06) 705-715
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 69 Floch MH, White J. Diverticulitis: new concepts and new therapies. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005; 39 (05) 355-356
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 70 World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2021 . WHO Fact Sheet. June 9, 2021. Accessed June 1, 2024 at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 71 Stierman B, Afful J, Carroll MD. et al. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2017 –March 2020 Prepandemic Data Files Development of Files and Prevalence Estimates for Selected Health Outcomes. National Health Statistics Reports. 06/14/2021 NHSR No. 158
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 72 Strate LL, Liu YL, Aldoori WH, Syngal S, Giovannucci EL. Obesity increases the risks of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Gastroenterology 2009; 136 (01) 115-122.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 73 Bailey MB, Davenport DL, Procter L, McKenzie S, Vargas HD. Morbid obesity and diverticulitis: results from the ACS NSQIP dataset. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217 (05) 874-80.e1
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 74 Patel K, Krishna SG, Porter K. et al. Diverticulitis in morbidly obese adults: a rise in hospitalizations with worse outcomes according to national US data. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65 (09) 2644-2653
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 75 Dobbins C, Defontgalland D, Duthie G, Wattchow DA. The relationship of obesity to the complications of diverticular disease. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8 (01) 37-40
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 76 Spiller RC. Changing views on diverticular disease: impact of aging, obesity, diet, and microbiota. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27 (03) 305-312
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 77 Alison Commar VP. Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet. WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000–2025. World Health Organization;; 2021
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 78 Cornelius ME, Loretan CG, Wang TW, Jamal A, Homa DM. Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71 (11) 397-405
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 79 Wijarnpreecha K, Boonpheng B, Thongprayoon C, Jaruvongvanich V, Ungprasert P. Smoking and risk of colonic diverticulosis: a meta-analysis. J Postgrad Med 2018; 64 (01) 35-39
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 80 Humes DJ, Ludvigsson JF, Jarvholm B. Smoking and the risk of hospitalization for symptomatic diverticular disease: a population-based cohort study from Sweden. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59 (02) 110-114
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 81 Turunen P, Wikström H, Carpelan-Holmström M, Kairaluoma P, Kruuna O, Scheinin T. Smoking increases the incidence of complicated diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon. Scand J Surg 2010; 99 (01) 14-17
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 82 Cronin KA, Scott S, Firth AU. et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 1: national cancer statistics. Cancer 2022; 128 (24) 4251-4284
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 83 Granlund J, Svensson T, Olén O. et al. The genetic influence on diverticular disease–a twin study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35 (09) 1103-1107
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 84 Strate LL, Erichsen R, Baron JA. et al. Heritability and familial aggregation of diverticular disease: a population-based study of twins and siblings. Gastroenterology 2013; 144 (04) 736-742.e1 , quiz e14
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 85 Reichert MC, Lammert F. The genetic epidemiology of diverticulosis and diverticular disease: emerging evidence. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3 (05) 409-418
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 86 Stemmermann GN. Patterns of disease among Japanese living in Hawaii. Arch Environ Health 1970; 20 (02) 266-273
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 87 Loffeld RJ. Diverticulosis of the colon is rare amongst immigrants living in the Zaanstreek region in the Netherlands. Colorectal Dis 2005; 7 (06) 559-562
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 88 Maguire LH, Handelman SK, Du X, Chen Y, Pers TH, Speliotes EK. Genome-wide association analyses identify 39 new susceptibility loci for diverticular disease. Nat Genet 2018; 50 (10) 1359-1365
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 89 Sigurdsson S, Alexandersson KF, Sulem P. et al. Sequence variants in ARHGAP15, COLQ and FAM155A associate with diverticular disease and diverticulitis. Nat Commun 2017; 8: 15789
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 90 Coble JL, Sheldon KE, Yue F. et al. Identification of a rare LAMB4 variant associated with familial diverticulitis through exome sequencing. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26 (16) 3212-3220
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 91 Connelly TM, Berg AS, Hegarty JP. et al. The TNFSF15 gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs7848647 is associated with surgical diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2014; 259 (06) 1132-1137
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar