Zusammenfassung
Die Endosonographie ist ein bildgebendes Verfahren, bei welchem ein hochfrequenter Ultraschalltransducer entweder blind oder unter endoskopischer Kontrolle in ein Hohlorgan eingeführt wird. Die endosonographische Untersuchung des Verdauungstraktes kann entweder mit dem Echoendoskop oder einer Minisonde durchgeführt werden und ermöglicht die detaillierte Abbildung von pathologischen Prozessen mit hoher Auflösung. Die Wand des Gastrointestinaltrakts, das Mediastinum, das Pankreas, die Gallengänge, das Retroperitoneum und andere Strukturen in der Nähe des Verdauungstraktes sind wichtige Zielorgane für die Endosonographie. Die Methode ist geeignet sowohl für die Primärdiagnostik als auch für die Verlaufskontrolle von verschiedenen Krankheiten. Eine genaue Stadienbeurteilung von Krebskrankheiten und Diagnostik von kleinen Krankheitsherden sind besonders wichtige Indikationen für Endosonographie. Eine optimale endosonographische Untersuchung ist nicht immer möglich, weil Stenosen und andere Faktoren eine präzise Transducerpositionierung verhindern können. Die klinische Bedeutung von endosonographischen Untersuchungen muss im Rahmen von neuen technischen Modalitäten und therapeutischen Strategien fortlaufend beurteilt werden.
Endo-Sonography in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Endosonography is an imaging method whereby a high frequency ultrasound probe is inserted into a body cavity with or without under endoscopic control. Examination of the gastrointestinal tract is performed using special echoendoscopes or transendoscopic miniprobes. The gastrointestinal wall, mediastinum, pancreas, bile ducts, retroperitoneum, and other structures surrounding the gastrointestinal tract are target organs for endosonography. A detailed image of pathological processes can thus be obtained. The method can be used both for primary diagnosis of lesions and in follow-up of gastrointestinal diseases. It is accurate in local staging of cancer and in detecting small lesions. There are some limitations for optimal examination like stenoses or other factors prohibiting a precise positioning of the ultrasound transducer. The clinical importance of endosonographic examinations must be continuously evaluated on the basis of new technical modalities and changes in therapeutic procedures.
Schlüsselwörter:
Endosonographie - Gastrointestinale Krankheiten - Hochfrequenter Ultraschall
Key words:
Endosonography - Gastroenterological Disorders - High-Frequency Ultrasound
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Prof. Dr. med. S. Ødegaard
Medizinische Klinik Haukeland Sykehus Universität Bergen
5021Bergen Norwegen
Email: E-mail: svein.odegaard@haukeland.no
