Das Mammakarzinom ist der häufigste Tumor
der Frau. In Deutschland erkrankt jede 15. Frau im Laufe ihres Lebens
an diesem Krebsleiden ([36]). Wie bei
den meisten Krebsarten wird auch beim Mammakarzinom das Schicksal
der Patientin nicht von dem Lokalbefund in der Brust, sondern von
metastasierten Tumorzellen in anderen Organen bestimmt. Die Anamnese,
der Tastbefund, die Sonographie, die Szintigraphie, die Computertomographie,
die Magnetresonanztomographie, die Galaktographie und die Pneumozystographie stellten
die klinischen Verfahren zur Diagnostik der Metastasierung des Mammakarzinoms
dar ([42]). Diese konventionellen diagnostischen
Verfahren weisen jedoch nur manifeste Metastasen nach und sind daher
zum frühen Nachweis von disseminierten malignen Zellen
nicht geeignet (Tab. 1).
Mit dem Einsatz spezifischer monoklonaler Antikörper
und molekularbiologischer Techniken ergibt sich mittlerweile die Möglichkeit,
einzelne maligne Zellen im Blut und Knochenmark nachzuweisen ([10],[ 37]).
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