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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7082
Die Auswirkungen der perioperativen Gabe des α2-Adrenorezeptor-Agonisten Mivazerol auf frühpostoperative Hämodynamik und Plasmakatecholaminspiegel nach großen chirurgischen Eingriffen
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
Zusammenfassung.
Ziel der Studie: Chirurgische Eingriffe bedingen eine multifaktorielle sympathiko-adrenerge Reaktion, deren Zusammenhang mit der kardialen Komplikationsrate belegt ist. Protektive Pharmaka (α2-Adrenorezeptor-Agonisten, β-Blocker) werden zur Prävention diskutiert. Der neue, selektivere α2-Adrenorezeptor-Agonist Mivazerol könnte eine geeignete Substanz für diese Indikation sein. Untersuchungen über die Auswirkungen von Mivazerol auf primäre und abgeleitete kardiorespiratorische Parameter und Plasmakatecholaminspiegel in der frühpostoperativen Phase stehen noch aus. Anliegen unserer Studie ist es, diese Parameter bei kardialen Risikopatienten zu untersuchen, um mögliche positive und negative Effekte aufzuzeigen. Methodik: Nach Zustimmung der Ethikkommission und schriftlicher Einwilligung wurden 36 Patienten mit manifester koronarer Herzkrankheit oder mindestens 3 Risikofaktoren dafür, die sich einem viszeralen oder gefäßchirurgischen Eingriff unterziehen mußten, in die Studie einbezogen. Doppelblind, randomisiert erhielten die Patienten Placebo (n = 18) oder Mivazerol (n = 18) beginnend 20 min vor Narkoseeinleitung bis 72 h postoperativ verabreicht (Initialdosis 4 µg kg-1 über 10 min; Erhaltungsdosis 1,5 µg kg-1 h-1). Arterieller Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz und Körperkerntemperatur wurden postoperativ in 10 minütlichen Abständen bis 240 min nach Übernahme auf die Intensivstation erfasst. Zu definierten MZP erfolgten die Registrierung primärer (ZVD, PAP, PCWP, SaO2, SvO2, HZV) und abgeleiteter (CI, TPR, PVR, VO2) kardiorespiratorischer Parameter sowie Messungen der Plasmakatecholaminspiegel. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 35 Patienten in die Auswertung einbezogen. Verglichen mit der Placebogruppe waren in der Mivazerolgruppe postoperativ niedrigere Plasmaspiegel für Adrenalin und Noradrenalin nachweisbar. Mivazerol hatte einen herzfrequenzsenkenden Effekt, während sich auf Blutdruck- und Temperaturverhalten keine Wirkungen aufzeigen ließen. Der Gruppenvergleich der mittels Pulmonalarterienkatheter erhaltenen Werte ergab zu einigen MZP höhere Vorlastwerte in der Mivazerolgruppe. Unterschiede für HZV, SaO2 und SvO2 sowie für die abgeleiteten Parameter SVR, TPR, CI und VO2 waren zu keinem MZP nachweisbar. Die Inzidenz von Übelkeit/Erbrechen und Muskelzittern war nicht gruppenunterschiedlich. Schlussfolgerungen: Die perioperative Gabe von Mivazerol reduziert die frühpostoperative Herzfrequenz und die Plasmakatecholaminspiegel ohne Veränderung des Blutdruckes, des Temperaturverlaufes und der Shiveringinzidenz. Abgeleitete kardiorespiratorische Parameter wie CI, TPR, PVR und VO2 bleiben unbeeinflußt. Danach zeigt Mivazerol im frühpostoperativen Zeitraum einen selektiv herzfrequenzsenkenden Effekt ohne wesentliche kardiorespiratorische Nebenwirkungen.
The Effects of Perioperative Coninuous Administration of Mivazerol on Early Postoperative Haemodynamics and Plasma Catecholamines after Major Surgery.
Objective: During and after surgical procedures a strong activation of the sympatho-adrenergic system is common with correlation to adverse cardiac outcome. Several drugs (α2-adrenoceptor-agonists, beta blockers) are discussed to prevent this reaction. The new α2-adrenoceptor-agonist mivazerol with marked specifity for α2-adrenergic receptors may be suitable for this indication. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of perioperative continuous administration of mivazerol on plasma catecholamines, body temperature and calculated haemodynamic parameters in the early postoperative period in cardiac risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods: 36 patients with known coronary heart disease or risk factors for coronary heart disease scheduled for elective abdominal or vascular surgery were included in the study. Patients received either mivazerol (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) [initial dose 4 µg kg-1 for 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion of 1,5 µg kg-1 h-1 intraoperatively and for as long as 72 h after surgery] in a double-blinded, randomized manner. Blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were measured every 10 minutes until 240 minutes after arrival at the ICU. During 240 minutes after arrival at the ICU measured parameters (CVP, PAP, PCWP, SaO2, SvO2, CO), calculated parameters (CI, SVR, PVR, VO2) and plasma catecholamines were measured at defined time intervalls. Results: The plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine and the heart rate were significantly lower in the mivazerol group in the study period. Regarding blood pressure and body temperature there were no differences between the groups. At some measuring points preload was higher in the mivazerol group, but there were no differences between the groups for measured (SaO2, SvO2, CO) and calculated (CI, SVR, PVR, VO2) cardiorespiratory parameters. The incidence of shivering, nausea and vomiting were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Continuous, perioperative administration of mivazerol decreased the heart rate and the plasma catecholamines in the early postoperative period, but did not affect blood pressure, body temperature and the incidence of shivering. There were also no effects of mivazerol on calculated haemodynamic parameters (CO, SVR, PVR, VO2). These findings show a selective decrease in heart rate by Mivazerol without markedly cardiorespiratory side effects.
Schlüsselwörter:
α2-Adrenorezeptor-Agonist - - Mivazerol - - Stressantwort - - Postoperative Hämodynamik - - Risikopatient
Key words:
α2-adrenoceptor agonist - - Mivazerol - - Stress response - - Postoperative haemodynamic - - High risk patient
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Dr. med. Heike Apitzsch
Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie Universität Leipzig
Liebigstraße 20 a
04103 Leipzig