Mit »oxidativem Stress« wird ein
Zustand im Körper bezeichnet, bei dem die Bildung von Oxidanzien
und freien Radikalen die Fähigkeit des Körpers übersteigt,
diese Stoffe zu inaktivieren. Als Folge davon kommt es zu Schädigungen
von Proteinen, DNA und Lipiden sowie von Zellmembranen und anderen
Körperstrukturen. Es herrscht heute Einigkeit, dass Oxidationsprozesse
an der Entstehung verbreiteter Krankheiten wie Arteriosklerose,
Krebs und Diabetes mellitus beteiligt sind und den Alterungsprozess
beschleunigen können. Die Menge freier Radikale hängt
von Lebensstilfaktoren (Ernährung, Rauchen, Bewegung) ab,
wird aber auch durch koexistente Krankheiten, zum Beispiel Hyperglykämie
bei Diabetes mellitus, beeinflusst. Antioxidanzien neutralisieren
die freien Radikale im Organismus. Somit entscheidet die Balance
zwischen pro- und antioxidativen Elementen über die gesundheitlichen
Folgen [33]. Da die endogen gebildeten,
antioxidativ wirkenden Moleküle bzw. Enzymsysteme in ihrer
Konzentration und Aktivität nicht durch exogene Maßnahmen
zu beeinflussen sind, kommt der Zufuhr von Antioxidanzien über
die Ernährung eine entscheidende Bedeutung für
den Antioxidanzienstatus des Körpers zu. In den letzten
Jahren hat insbesondere die Frage, inwieweit Antioxidanzien in der
Nahrung der Entstehung der Arteriosklerose und ihrer Komplikationen
wie Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall entgegenwirken können,
große Aufmerksamkeit gefunden.
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