Die klinische Manifestation des Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus
ist der Endpunkt einer Entzündung und autoimmunen Zerstörung
der insulinproduzierenden Betazellen des Pankreas. Bereits viele
Jahre vor Ausbruch der Erkrankung treten bei Betroffenen Insel-Autoantikörper
auf, die in Venen- oder Kapillarblut detektierbar sind. Dies ermöglicht
eine frühzeitige Diagnose der Autoimmunerkrankung noch
vor dem Auftreten von klinischen Symptomen der Hyperglykämie.
In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden Strategien der
Früherkennung diskutiert und Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von
immunologischen, genetischen bzw. metabolischen Markern zur Risikoabschätzung
des Typ-1-Diabetes gegeben. Des weiteren werden laufende Studien
zur Prävention des Typ-1-Diabetes vorgestellt.
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