Grundproblematik und Fragestellung: Nosokomiale
Infektionen stellen im Krankenhaus ein erhebliches Problem dar.
Auf deutschen Intensivstationen liegt die Prävalenz bei
15,3 %. Adäquat durchgeführte
Händehygiene ist der wichtigste Faktor, um eine Reduktion
von nosokomialen Infektionen zu erreichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund
stellen sich folgende Fragen: 1. Wie hoch ist die Compliance der
Händedesinfektion auf Intensivstationen? 2. Welchen Einfluss
hat die personelle Ausstattung auf die Händedesinfektion?
Methode: In einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie
wurde im Mai 1996 und im November 1997 auf acht Intensivstationen
die Compliance der Händedesinfektion beobachtet. Infektionsrelevante
Handlungsabläufe waren Umgang mit Beatmungsgeräten,
Gefäß-Zugängen, Harnwegkathetern und
Wundverbänden. Zusätzlich wurden die Anzahl der
Patienten und des Pflegepersonals erfasst und der Patienten-Pflegepersonal-Schlüssel
berechnet.
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 1879 hygienerelevante
Handlungen beobachtet. Die Compliance lag zwischen 25,7 und 83,2 % (Mittelwert
55,2 %). Die am häufigsten beobachteten Handlungen
waren Manipulationen an Gefäß-Zugängen (52,7 %),
die höchste Compliance der Händedesinfektion konnte bei
Manipulationen am Beatmungszubehör beobachtet werden (91,8 %).
Bei ungünstigerem Patienten-Pflegepersonal-Schlüssel sank
die Compliance nicht, sondern veränderte sich kaum bzw. stieg
zum Teil an.
Folgerungen: Die Compliance der Händedesinfektion
ist vergleichbar mit anderen Studien, ist aber auf einigen Stationen noch
stark verbesserungsfähig. In dieser Studie ist die Compliance
eher stationsspezifisch als vom Patienten-Pflegepersonal-Schlüssel
abhängig.
Compliance with hand hygiene in intensive
care units
Introduction: Nosocomial infections
are an important problem in modern hospitals. The prevalence in
German intensive care units is 15.3 %. Hand washing
or hand disinfection is believed to be the most important means
of preventing nosocomial infections. We wished to answer the following
questions: 1. How good is the compliance of hand hygiene on intensive
care units? 2. Is compliance associated with the patient/nurse-ratio?
Method: In a study of 8 intensive care
units the compliance of hand hygiene was observed on two occasions,
once in May 1996 and again in November 1997. The prime necessity
for hand disinfection occurred when handling ventilation devices,
intravascular catheters, urinary catheters and dressings. In addition
the patient/nurse-ratio was calculated.
Results: A total of 1,879 infection-relevant
handlings were observed. The compliance of hand hygiene ranged from
25.7 to 83.2 % (mean 55.2 %).
The most commonly observed handlings were the manipulation of venous
catheters (52.7 %), the highest compliance was
observed with the manipulation of ventilation equipment (91.8 %).
With a better patient nurse ratio the compliance did not improve
but remained the same or was even reduced.
Discussion: The compliance of hand disinfection
is similar to other study results, but on some intensive care units
there was considerable room for improvement. In this study the compliance
of hand hygiene is more of a constant factor in individual intensive
care units than associated with the patient/nurse-ratio.
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Korrespondenz
Tim Eckmanns
Institut für Hygiene Zentralbereich
Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention
Heubnerweg 6
14059 Berlin
Phone: 030/450570005
Fax: 030/450570904
Email: tim.eckmanns@charite.de