Abstract
Fixed heterozygous banding patterns observed for 4 allozyme and 12 microsatellite loci, in combination with a chromosome number of 14, show that Polytrichum longisetum is an allodiploid species. Comparison of these banding patterns with those of related Polytrichaceae species suggest that Polytrichum formosum, or an ancestor taxon of this species, is one of the haploid progenitors of P. longisetum. The second progenitor species of P. longisetum could not be designated in this study as it was not among the examined possible progenitor species. DNA sequence data for two microsatellite loci, however, suggest that the second progenitor species should possibly be more closely related to P. formosum than any of the other haploid possible progenitor species examined in this study. As the current systematic literature does not mention the existence of such a species, this could indicate that the second progenitor species is already extinct.
Key words
Allodiploidy - allozymes - fixed heterozygosity - microsatellites -
Polytrichum longisetum
- progenitor species - sequencing
References
-
01
Abderrahman, S., and Smith, A. J. E..
(1982);
Studies on the cytotypes of Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. I. Morphology and distribution.
Journal of Bryology.
12
265-271
-
02 Anderson, L. E.. (1980) Cytology and reproductive biology of mosses. The Mosses of North America. Taylor, R. J. and Leviton, A. E., eds. San Fransisco; American Association of Advanced Science pp. 37-76
-
03 Bairoch, A.. (1991) PC/Gene: the nucleic acid and protein sequence analysis software system. Version 6.50. Switzerland; Univ. of Geneva
-
04
Bijlsma, R.,, Van der Velde, M.,, Boerema, A. C.,, Van de Zande, L.,, and Van Zanten, B. O..
(2000);
Molecular techniques reveal cryptic species within Polytrichum commune (common hair-cap moss).
Plant Biology.
2
408-414
-
05
Crawford, D. J..
(1985);
Electrophoretic data and plant speciation.
Systematic Botany.
10
405-416
-
06
Cronberg, N..
(1996);
Isozyme evidence of relationships within Sphagnum sect. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta).
Plant Systematics and Evolution.
203
41-64
-
07 Crum, H. A., and Anderson, L. E.. (1981) Mosses of Eastern North America, 2 Vols. New York; Columbia University Press
-
08
Derda, G. S., and Wyatt, R..
(2000);
Isozyme evidence regarding the origins of three allodiploid species of Polytrichastrum (Polytrichaceae, Bryophyta).
Plant Systematics and Evolution.
220
37-53
-
09
Derda, G. S.,, Wyatt, R.,, and Hyvönen, J..
(1999);
Genetic similarities among the hair-cap mosses (Polytrichaceae) as revealed by enzyme electrophoresis.
The Bryologist.
102
352-365
-
10
Fritsch, R..
(1982);
Index to plant chromosome numbers, Bryophyta.
Regnum Vegetabile.
108
1-268
-
11 Grant, V.. (1981) Plant speciation. New York; Columbia University Press
-
12
Haufler, C. H., and Soltis, D. E..
(1986);
Genetic evidence suggests that homosporous ferns with high chromosome numbers are diploid.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
83
4389-4393
-
13
Hyvönen, J.,, Hedderson, T.,, Smith Merril, G. L.,, Gibbings, J. G.,, and Koskinen, S..
(1998);
On the phylogeny of the Polytrichales.
The Bryologist.
101
489-504
-
14
Kelly, A. J., and Willis, J. H..
(1998);
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Mimulus guttatus and related species.
Molecular Ecology.
7
769-774
-
15 Nei, M.. (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York; Columbia University Press
-
16 Ramsay, H. P.. (1983) Cytology of mosses. New manual of bryology, Vol. I. Schuster, R. M., ed. Nichinan; Hattori Botanical Laboratory pp. 149-221
-
17
Smith, A. J. E..
(1978);
Cytogenetics, biosystematics and evolution in Bryophyta.
Advances in Botanical Research.
6
195-276
-
18
Smith, G. L..
(1971);
Conspectus of the genera of Polytrichaceae.
.
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden.
21
1-83
-
19
Soltis, D. E., and Soltis, P. S..
(1990);
Isozyme evidence for ancient polyploidy in primitive angiosperms.
Systematic Botany.
15
328-337
-
20
Steinkellner, H.,, Lexer, C.,, Turetschek, E.,, and Glössl, J..
(1997);
Conservation of (CA)n microsatellite loci between Quercus species.
Molecular Ecology.
6
1189-1194
-
21 Swofford, D. L., and Selander, R. B.. (1981) Biosys-I, a computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in genetics, User's manual. Urbana; University of Illinois
-
22
Thompson, J. D., and Lumaret, R..
(1992);
The evolutionary dynamics of polyploid plants: origins, establishment and persistence.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution.
9
302-307
-
23 Touw, A., and Rubers, W. V.. (1989) De Nederlandse Bladmossen. Utrecht; Stichting Uitgeverij van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging
-
24
Van der Velde, M., and Bijlsma, R..
(2000);
Amount and structure of intra- and interspecific genetic variation in the moss genus Polytrichum.
.
Heredity.
85
328-337
-
25 Van der Velde, M., and Bijlsma, R.. (2001) Phylogeography of Polytrichum species within Europe. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, submitted
-
26
Van der Velde, M.,, Van der Strate, H. J.,, Van de Zande, L.,, and Bijlsma, R.,.
(2000);
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the moss species Polytrichum formosum.
.
Molecular Ecology.
9
1678-1680
-
27
Van der Velde, M.,, Van de Zande, L.,, and Bijlsma, R.,.
(2001);
Genetic structure of Polytrichum formosum in relation to the breeding system as revealed by microsatellites.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
14
288-295
-
28
Van Treuren, R.,, Kuittinen, H.,, Kärkkäinen, K.,, Baena-gonzales, E.,, and Savolainen, O..
(1997);
Evolution of microsatellites in Arabis petrea and Arabis lyrata, outcrossing relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana.
.
Molecular Biology and Evolution.
14
220-229
-
29
Wyatt, R., and Odrzykoski, I. J..
(1998);
On the origin of the allopolyploid moss Plagiomnium cuspidatum.
.
The Bryologist.
101
263-271
-
30
Wyatt, R.,, Odrzykoski, I. J.,, and Stoneburner, A..
(1992);
Isozyme evidence of reticulate evolution in mosses: Plagiomnium medium is an allodiploid of P. ellipticum × P. insigne.
.
Systematic Botany.
17
532-550
-
31
Wyatt, R.,, Odrzykoski, I. J.,, and Stoneburner, A..
(1993 a);
Isozyme evidence proves that the moss Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum is an allopolyploid of R. gracile and R. magnifolium.
.
Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club.
25
21-35
-
32
Wyatt, R.,, Odrzykoski, I. J.,, and Stoneburner, A..
(1993 b);
Isozyme evidence regarding the origins of the allopolyploid moss Plagiomnium curvulatum.
.
Lindbergia.
18
49-58
M. van der Velde
Department of Genetics
University of Groningen
Kerklaan 30
9751 NN Haren
The Netherlands
Email: m.van.der.velde@biol.rug.nl
Section Editor: F. Salamini
