Fragestellung: Die
allogene Transplantation von Knochenmark und mobilisierten Blutstammzellen
(PBSCT) ist in der Behandlung maligner Lymphome eine viel diskutierte
Option. Wir stellen unsere Ergebnisse vor, die mit dieser Behandlungsform
bei anderweitig nicht behandelbaren Patienten erzielt wurden.
Methode: Retrospektiv wurden die Daten
der Patienten mit malignen Lymphomen ausgewertet, bei denen zwischen
1985 und 2001 am Klinikum der Universität München
Großhadern eine allogene Transplantation durchgeführt
wurde.
Ergebnisse: Bei 56 Patienten wurden
allogene Transplantationen durchgeführt. 24 hatten ein
niedrig-malignes Lymphom (follikuläre L.: n = 8;
Mantelzelllymphom: n = 6) einschließlich
chronischer lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL: n = 10),
16 ein hoch-malignes Lymphom (immunoblastisch/lymphoblastisch:
n = 5; großzellig/diffus: n = 5).
Bei 8 Patienten wurde wegen rezidiviertem M. Hodgkin transplantiert.
Der Altersdurchschnitt betrug 41 Jahre. 34 Patienten erhielten ein
Transplantat von einem HLA-identischen Geschwister, 19 von einem
HLA-identischen, unverwandten Spender und drei von einem verwandten
Spender mit HLA-Differenzen. 30 Patienten erhielten Knochenmark,
26 PBSCT. Bei 22 Patienten war die Konditionierung für
die Transplantation intensiv mit 12 Gy Ganzkörperbestrahlung,
bei 34 war die Strahlendosis reduziert. Derzeit überleben
25 Patienten zwischen 2 Monaten und mehr als 15 Jahren. Die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit
nach 2 Jahren beträgt 48,2 % für
niedrig-maligne Lymphome inkl. CLL, 9,3 % für
hochmaligne Lymphome und 25 % für M.
Hodgkin. Etwa 87 % der Patienten mit follikulärem
Lymphom sind langfristig in kompletter Remission. Nach einem Jahr
beträgt die Transplantations-assoziierte Mortalität
33,9 % bei allen Patienten. Insgesamt beträgt
sie 44,4 %.
Folgerungen: Die allogene Transplantation
kann bei anderweitig nicht behandelbaren Patienten mit malignen
Lymphomen lang anhaltende Remissionen erzielen. Besonders bei Patienten mit
follikulären und anderen niedrig malignen Lymphomen sind die
Ergebnisse günstig. Wie bei fortgeschrittenen Stadien zu
erwarten, ist die Therapie-assoziierte Toxizität sehr hoch.
Bislang ist nicht klar, ob diese Toxizität mit einer Dosis-reduzierten
Konditionierung und PBSCT langfristig vermindert werden kann.
Allogeneic transplantation in malignant
lymphoma
Introduction: Allogeneic transplantation
of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells is a frequently discussed
therapeutic option in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. By analysing the
results of our own transplant program in patients with advanced
lymphoma we tried to evaluate indications for allogeneic transplantations.
Methods: Data from lymphoma patients
treated at the Klinikum Großhadern between 1985 and 2001
were analysed retrospectively.
Results: 56 patients were included.
24 patients had low grade Non-Hogdkin`s lymphoma (NHL)
(follicular lymphoma: n = 8, mantle cell
lymphoma: n = 6) or chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL: n = 10), 16 patients had
high grade NHL (immunoblastic/lymphoblastic: n = 5;
large cell/diffuse: n = 5) and
8 patients suffered from Hodgkins`s disease. Median age
was 41 years, 34 patients were transplanted from an HLA-identical
sibling, 19 from an HLA-id. unrelated donor and three from an HLA-mismatched related
donor. 30 patients received bone marrow and 26 peripheral blood
stem cells. 22 pat. were treated with an intensive 12 Gy TBI containing
conditioning regimen, whereas 34 patients were treated with a dose-intensity
reduced conditioning procedere. 25 patients are alive between 2
month and 15 years after transplantation. Overall survival after
2 years is 48 % for patients with low grade NHL
(incl. CLL), 9.3 % for patients with high grade lymphoma
and 25 % for patients with Hodgkin`s
disease. 1-year-transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 33.9 % in
all patients. Dose-intensity-reduced conditioning was not able to
reduce TRM.
Conclusions: Allogeneic bone marrow
or stem cell transplantation is able to induce long lasting complete
remissions in patients with heavily pretreated malignant lymphoma.
Results of allogeneic transplantation are encouraging in patients
with follicular and other low grade lymphoma. However transplant-related
toxicity is high. At present the impact of reducing the intensity
of conditioning is not yet clear.
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Korrespondenz
Dr. O. J. Stötzer
Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum der Universität
München Großhadern
Marchioninistraße 15
81377 München