Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die
Endomyokardbiopsie ist der Goldstandard zur Abstoßungsüberwachung
nach Herztransplantation. Bei Anwendung dieser invasiven Methode
ist aufgrund von Abstoßungsreaktionen mit einer Mortalitätsrate
von 5 - 6 % im ersten postoperativen
Jahr zu rechnen. Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Analyse war es,
die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit einer nichtinvasiven
elektrophysiologischen Methode zur Abstoßungsüberwachung
zu überprüfen.
Patienten und Methodik: Dazu wurde täglich die
QRS-Komplexamplitude des intramyokardialen Elektrogramms über
einen Schrittmacher mit Telemetriefunktion in dem Zeitraum eines Jahres
gemessen. Als Kriterium für den Verdacht einer Abstoßung
wurde der Abfall der QRS-Komplexamplitude von mehr als 8 % gewertet.
Von 734 Patienten wurden 558 in die Studie eingeschlossen. Eine
Biopsie wurde nur dann vorgenommen, wenn die nichtinvasiven Methoden
(QRS-Komplexamplitude plus Echokardiographie) diskrepante Ergebnisse
zeigten.
Ergebnisse: Keiner der Patienten starb
an einer Abstoßungsreaktion, 273 wurden mindestens einmal
und 285 nie biopsiert. Die Methode erreichte eine Sensitivität
von 0,9777, eine Spezifität von 0,9634, einen negativen
prädiktiven Wert von 0,9850 und einen positiven prädiktiven
Wert von 0,9459.
Folgerung: Die tägliche elektrophysiologische
nichtinvasive Abstoßungsüberwachung scheint der
invasiven Endomyokardbiopsie überlegen zu sein, da die
durch Abstoßungsreaktionenen bedingte Mortalitätsrate
bei gleichzeitiger geringerer Zahl an Endomyokardbiopsien deutlich
reduziert werden konnte.
Non-invasive monitoring of rejection
after cardiac transplantation. The method and retrospective analysis
of data on 734 patients
Background and objective:
Endomyocardial biopsy is the
gold standard for monitoring rejection in cardiac recipients. The
death rate due to rejection with this invasive method is 5-6 % in
the first postoperative year. The aim of this retrospective data
analysis from cardiac recipients was to prove the diagnostic reliability
of a non-invasive electrophysiological method for rejection monitoring.
Patients and methods: We daily analyzed the QRS-complex amplitude
of the intramyocardial electrogram, which we received over a period
from one year via a pacemaker with a telemetric capability. The
diagnostic guideline for a suspected rejection was the reduction
of the QRS-complex amplitude by more than 8 %.
Out of 734 patients 558 were included in the study. Biopsy was only
performed when the non-invasive rejection monitoring data (QRS-complex
amplitude plus echocardiography) showed a discrepancy for rejection.
Results: None of the patients died due
to rejection, 273 at least once underwent a biopsy, and 285 never
had a biopsy. The method reached a sensitivity of 0.9777, a specificity
of 0.9634, a negative predictive value of 0.9850, and a positive
predictive value of 0.9459.
Conclusion: Daily electrophysiological
non-invasive monitoring of rejection seems to be superior to endomyocardial
biopsy. Death of patients due to rejection can be minimised. The
number of necessary biopsies can be drastically reduced when compared
to the usual number performed.
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Korrespondenz
Dr. Johannes Müller
Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin
Augustenburger Platz 1
13353 Berlin
Phone: 030/45932033
Fax: 030/45932170
Email: jmueller@dhzb.de