Abstract
Self-expanding metal stents are an established option in the palliative treatment of malignant stenoses of the esophagus. Herein, we report on a 60-year-old man with a recurrent stenosis that developed 2 months after radiochemotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma in the middle part of the esophagus. To relieve progressive dysphagia, a Gianturco-Rösch stent (Cook-Z stent, 10 cm, PE-covered, manufactured by William Cook Europe) was implanted. Six weeks later, precipitous massive hemoptysis leading to the collapse and death of the patient occurred. Autopsy showed that a barb in the middle of the stent had perforated the aortic arch, resulting in massive bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract, and aspiration. Although hemorrhage and esophageal perforation are known late complications of all types of metal stents, our case is the first description of a perforation involving a fixation barb. These barbs are a particular feature of the European version of the Cook-Z stent, and are intended to prevent stent migration. In future, any hemorrhage observed after stent implantation should prompt a search for perforation by a barb (autopsy!). If necessary, the European version of the Gianturco Z stent should be modified.
Zusammenfassung
Selbst expandierende Metallstents sind eine etablierte Therapieoption in der palliativen Therapie maligner Ösophagusstenosen. Wir berichten über einen 60-jährigen Patienten mit einem Stenoserezidiv 2 Monate nach Radiochemotherapie eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms im mittleren Ösophagus. Bei zunehmender Dysphagie wurde deshalb ein Gianturco-Rösch-Stent implantiert (Cook-Z-Stent 10 cm, PE-ummantelt der Fa. William Cook Europe). Sechs Wochen später kam es schlagartig zu massiver Hämoptoe mit Kollaps und Todesfolge. Die Obduktion zeigte eine Perforation eines Fixationshäkchens im mittleren Stentbereich durch die Wand des Ösophagus in den anliegenden Aortenbogen mit massiver gastrointestinaler Blutung und Aspiration. Blutungen und Ösophagusperforationen sind als Spätkomplikation bei allen Metallstents bekannt, unser Fall beschreibt aber erstmalig eine Perforation durch die äußeren Fixationshäkchen. Diese Widerhaken (”barbs”) sind eine Besonderheit der europäischen Variante des Cook-Z-Stents und sollen eine Stentmigration verhindern. Bei Blutungen nach Stentimplantationen sollte in Zukunft gezielt nach einer Perforation durch Fixationshäkchen gesucht werden (Obduktion!), ggf. ist eine technische Modifikation der europäischen Stentvariante erforderlich.
Key words
Metal Stent - Gianturco - Esophagus - Perforation - Hemorrhage - Complication - Barb - Aortoesophageal Fistula
Schlüsselwörter
Metallstent - Gianturco - Ösophagus - Perforation - Blutung - Komplikation - Fixationshaken - aortoösophagiale Fistel
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Korrespondenzadresse
OA Dr. Klaus Dirks
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Klinikum Bayreuth
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Email: Klaus.Dirks@t-online.de