Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: In verschiedenen Studien wurde der positive Effekt von Clonidin im Rahmen der Prämedikation belegt (Verminderung der perioperativen Stressantwort, analgetischer Effekt, anästhetikasparender Effekt, Shiveringprophylaxe). Wichtigster Gesichtspunkt der pharmakologischen Prämedikation ist jedoch unbestritten die Anxiolyse. Diesbezüglich wird der Wert von Clonidin unterschiedlich diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung überprüften wir die anxiolytische Wirkung von Clonidin im Vergleich zu Midazolam. Methode: 50 Patienten der ASA-Klassen 1 - 3 wurden in unsere prospektive, doppelblinde Studie einbezogen. Die Patienten wurden am Vortag der Operation mit 1 mg Flunitrazepam und am OP-Tag 60 - 90 min präoperativ mit 5 µg/kg-1 Clonidin bzw. 100 µg/kg..1 Midazolam p. o. prämediziert. Mittels des Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-G X1) wurde das Ausmaß der Zustandsangst (State-Angst) vor und nach der Prämedikation erfasst. Ergebnisse: Sowohl Clonidin als auch Midazolam führten zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des präoperativen Angstempfindens über die Zeit (p < 0,001). Zwischen den Gruppen bestanden bezüglich der mit dem STAI-G X1 ermittelten Punktwerte zu keinem Zeitpunkt signifikante Unterschiede (p > 0,05). Das Ausmaß der Angstreduktion war zwischen den Gruppen vergleichbar. Schlussfolgerung: Clonidin besitzt neben den o. g. positiven Wirkungen im Rahmen der Prämedikation eine der Midazolam entsprechenden anxiolytische Wirkung. Es stellt eine interessante Alternative zu den in der Prämedikation als Goldstandard angesehenen Benzodiazepinen (hier Midazolam) dar.
Abstract
Objective: Many investigations described a positive effect of clonidine for premedication (reduction of perioperative stress response, analgetic effect, anaesthetic-saving effect, prophylaxis of postoperative shivering). The most important objective in premedication is undisputed anxiolysis. The anxiolytic effect of clonidine is differently discussed. Therefore we investigated the anxiolytic effect of clonidine in comparison to midazolam. Methods: 50 patients (ASA 1 - 3) were included in the present doubleblinded, prospective study. These patients got an oral premedication with 1 mg flunitrazepam in the evening before surgery and 5 µg/kg-1 clonidine or 100 µg/kg-1 midazolam 60 - 90 minutes before surgery. By using Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-G X1) we registered the degree of state-anxiety before and after premedication. Results: Both clonidine as well as midazolam showed a significant reduction of the state-anxiety over time (p < 0,001). Between the groups there were no differences in the STAI-scores at any time (p > 0,05). The degree of reduction in the state-anxiety were comparable between the groups. Conclusion: In addition to the higher up listed effects clonidine showed a anxiolytic effect, which is comparable to midazolam. Therefore clonidine is an interesting alternative to benzodiazepines, which are commonly used drugs for premedication.
Schlüsselwörter
Prämedikation - Anxiolyse - Clonidin - Midazolam
Key words
Premedication - Anxiolysis - Clonidine - Midazolam
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Dr. med. T. Frank
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