Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000004.xml
Aktuelle Neurologie 2002; 29(2): 53-62
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-20537
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-20537
Neues in der Neurologie
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Grundlagen und klinische Anwendung der MR-Spektroskopie des Gehirns
Basics and Clinical Application of the NMR-Spectroscopy of the BrainFurther Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 March 2002 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die MR-Spektroskopie ist zu einem diagnostischen Werkzeug geworden, das vermehrt für die Untersuchung von Krankheitsprozessen des Gehirns genutzt wird. Sie ist ein nichtinvasives Verfahren, mit dessen Hilfe biochemische Veränderungen erfasst und quantifiziert werden können. In dieser Arbeit werden die Entwicklung der Spektroskopie, ihre physikalischen Grundlagen und mögliche Einsatzgebiete in der Neurologie im Rahmen einer Literaturübersicht beschrieben sowie zukünftige Entwicklungen kurz dargestellt.
Abstract
NMR-spectroscopy has become a diagnostic tool which is used for the examination of cerebral pathologies. It is a non-invasive technique, which can detect and quantify biochemical changes. This paper describes the history of NMR-spectroscopy, its technical basis and possible areas of use in Neurology. An overview of the literature is given as well as upcoming developments are mentioned.
Literatur
- 1 Bloch F, Hansen W, Packard M. The nuclearinduction experiment. Phys Rev. 1946; 70 474-485
- 2 Purcell E, Torrey H, Pound R. Resonance absorption by nuclear magnetic moments in a solid. Phys Rev. 1946; 69 37-38
- 3 Salibi N, Brown M. Clinical MR Spectroscopy: First Principles. New York; Wiley-Liss 1998
- 4 Bottomley P A. Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987; 508 333-348
- 5 Haase A, Frahm J, Hanicke W, Matthaei D. 1H NMR chemical shift selective (CHESS) imaging. Phys Med Biol. 1985; 30 341-344
- 6 Provencher S W. Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo (1)H spectra with LCModel. NMR Biomed. 2001; 14 260-264
- 7 Bluml S. In vivo quantitation of cerebral metabolite concentrations using natural abundance 13C MRS at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson. 1999; 136 219-225
- 8 Constantinidis I. MRS methodology. Adv Neurol. 2000; 83 235-246
- 9 Michaelis T, Merboldt K, Hänicke W. et al . On the identification of cerebral metabolites in localized 1H NMR spectra of human brain in vivo. NMR Biomed. 1991; 4 90-98
- 10 Pouwels P J, Brockmann K, Kruse B. et al . Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS (in Process Citation). Pediatr Res. 1999; 46 474-485
- 11 Ross B, Michaelis T. Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Q. 1994; 10 191-247
- 12 Kreis R, Ernst T, Ross B D. Development of the human brain: in vivo quantification of metabolite and water content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 1993; 30 424-437
- 13 Gill S S, Thomas D G, van Bruggen N. et al . Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990; 14 497-504
- 14 Shino A, Nakasu S, Matsuda M. et al . Noninvasive evaluation of the malignant potential of intracranial meningiomas performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Neurosurg. 1999; 91 928-934
- 15 Brulatout S, Meric P, Loubinoux I. et al . A one-dimensional (proton and phosphorus) and two-dimensional (proton) in vivo NMR spectroscopic study of reversible global cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem. 1996; 66 2491-2499
- 16 Higuchi T, Graham S H, Fernandez E J. et al . Effects of severe global ischemia on N-acetylaspartate and other metabolites in the rat brain. Magn Reson Med. 1997; 37 851-857
- 17 Pouwels P J, Frahm J. Regional metabolite concentrations in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS. Magn Reson Med. 1998; 39 53-60
- 18 Govindaraju V, Young K, Maudsley A A. Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites. NMR Biomed. 2000; 13 129-153
- 19 Tsai G, Coyle J T. N-acetylaspartate in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 1995; 46 531-540
- 20 de Stefano N, Matthews P M, Arnold D L. Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury. Magn Reson Med. 1995; 34 721-727
- 21 Wittsack H J, Kugel H, Roth B, Heindel W. Quantitative measurements with localized 1H MR spectroscopy in children with Canavan's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996; 6 889-893
- 22 Chamuleau R A, Bosman D K, Bovee W M. et al . What the clinician can learn from MR glutamine/glutamate assays. NMR Biomed. 1991; 4 103-108
- 23 Pan J W, Lane J B, Hetherington H, Percy A K. Rett syndrome: 1H spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 Tesla. J Child Neurol. 1999; 14 524-528
- 24 Chang L, Ernst T, Osborn D. et al . Proton spectroscopy in myotonic dystrophy: correlations with CTG repeats. Arch Neurol. 1998; 55 305-311
- 25 Bluml S, Zuckerman E, Tan J, Ross B D. Proton-decoupled 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals osmotic and metabolic disturbances in human hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem. 1998; 71 1564-1576
- 26 Ross B D. Biochemical considerations in 1H spectroscopy. Glutamate and glutamine; myo-inositol and related metabolites. NMR Biomed. 1991; 4 59-63
- 27 Brand A, Richter-Landsberg C, Leibfritz D. Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells. Dev Neurosci. 1993; 15 289-298
- 28 Shonk T K, Moats R A, Gifford P. et al . Probable Alzheimer disease: diagnosis with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 1995; 195 65-72
- 29 Moats R A, Ernst T, Shonk T K, Ross B D. Abnormal cerebral metabolite concentrations in patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Magn Reson Med. 1994; 32 110-115
- 30 Ross B D, Ernst T, Kreis R. et al . 1H MRS in acute traumatic brain injury. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998; 8 829-840
- 31 Bonavita S, di Salle F, Tedeschi G. Proton MRS in neurological disorders. Eur J Radiol. 1999; 30 125-131
- 32 Kawaguchi S, Kamada K, Itamoto K. et al . Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. No To Shinkei. 1995; 47 43-48
- 33 So E L. Classifications and epidemiologic considerations of epileptic seizures and epilepsy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1995; 5 513-526
- 34 Cendes F, Andermann F, Dubeau F, Arnold D L. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic images and MRI volumetric studies for lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995; 13 1187-1191
- 35 Gadian D G. N-acetylaspartate and epilepsy. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995; 13 1193-1195
- 36 Stefan H, Eberhardt K E, Pauli E. et al . Diagnostic imaging in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. A comparison of MR volumetry and multivoxel-MR-spectroscopy for assessment of postoperative prognosis. Nervenarzt. 2001; 72 130-135
- 37 Hsu Y Y, Chang C, Chang C N. et al . Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with complex partial seizures: single-voxel spectroscopy versus chemical-shift imaging. AJNR. 1999; 20 643-651
- 38 Ende G R, Laxer K D, Knowlton R C. et al . Temporal lobe epilepsy: bilateral hippocampal metabolite changes revealed at proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1997; 202 809-817
- 39 Mendes-Ribeiro J A, Soares R, Simoes-Ribeiro F, Guimaraes M L. Reduction in temporal N-acetylaspartate and creatine (or choline) ratio in temporal lobe epilepsy: does this 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy finding mean poor seizure control?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998; 65 518-522
- 40 Pioro E P. MR spectroscopy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. J Neurol Sci. 1997; 152, Suppl 1 S49-53
- 41 Bradley W G, Bowen B C, Pattany P M, Rotta F. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 1999; 169 84-86
- 42 Kenn W, Ochs G, Pabst T A, Hahn D. 1H spectroscopy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroimaging. 2001; 11 293-297
- 43 Barker P B, Lee R R, McArthur J C. AIDS dementia complex: evaluation with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1995; 195 58-64
- 44 Laubenberger J, Haussinger D, Bayer S. et al . HIV-related metabolic abnormalities in the brain: depiction with proton MR spectroscopy with short echo times. Radiology. 1996; 199 805-810
- 45 Chang L, Ernst T, Leonido-Yee M. et al . Highly active antiretroviral therapy reverses brain metabolite abnormalities in mild HIV dementia. Neurology. 1999; 53 782-789
- 46 Henriksen O. In vivo quantitation of metabolite concentrations in the brain by means of proton MRS. NMR Biomed. 1995; 8 139-148
- 47 Arnold D L, de Stefano N, Narayanan S, Matthews P M. Proton MR spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2000; 10 789-798
- 48 Fu L, Matthews P M, de Stefano N. et al . Imaging axonal damage of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1998; 121 103-113
- 49 Miller D H, Albert P S, Barkhof F. et al . Guidelines for the use of magnetic resonance techniques in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis. US National MS Society Task Force. Ann Neurol. 1996; 39 6-16
- 50 Baslow M H. Canavan's spongiform leukodystrophy: a clinical anatomy of a genetic metabolic CNS disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2000; 15 61-69
- 51 Berger J, Moser H W, Forss-Petter S. Leukodystrophies: recent developments in genetics, molecular biology, pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001; 14 305-312
- 52 Tzika A A, Ball W S, Vigneron D B. et al . Childhood adrenoleukodystrophy: assessment with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 1993; 189 467-480
- 53 Pouwels P J, Kruse B, Korenke G C. et al . Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy. Neuropediatrics. 1998; 29 254-264
- 54 Matthews P M, Tampieri D, Berkovic S F. et al . Magnetic resonance imaging shows specific abnormalities in the MELAS syndrome. Neurology. 1991; 41 1043-1046
- 55 Matthews P M, Andermann F, Silver K. et al . Proton MR spectroscopic characterization of differences in regional brain metabolic abnormalities in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Neurology. 1993; 43 2484-2490
- 56 Lanfermann H, Kugel H, Heindel W. et al . Metabolic changes in acute and subacute cerebral infarctions: findings at proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1995; 196 203-210
- 57 Giroud M, Walker P, Guy F. et al . Cerebral metabolism after transient ischemic attack. A 1H MR spectroscopy study. Neurol Res. 1999; 21 563-565
- 58 Barker P B, Gillard J H, van Zijl P C. et al . Acute stroke: evaluation with serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1994; 192 723-732
- 59 Gillard J H, Barker P B, van Zijl P C. et al . Proton MR spectroscopy in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. AJNR. 1996; 17 873-886
- 60 Ernst T, Chang L, Melchor R, Mehringer C M. Frontotemporal dementia and early Alzheimer disease: differentiation with frontal lobe H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 1997; 203 829-836
- 61 Kattapong V J, Brooks W M, Wesley M H. et al . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of vascular- and Alzheimer-type dementia. Arch Neurol. 1996; 53 678-680
- 62 Herminghaus S, Gorriz C, Pilatus U. et al .Vascular dementia: improved diagnosis using Proton NMR Spectroscopy. In 1st International Congress on Vascular Dementia. Bologna; Int Proc Division 1998
- 63 Herminghaus S, Gorriz C, Pilatus U. et al .Vascular dementia: non invasive assay of pathologic neurochemistry using proton NMR spectroscopy. In 1st International Congress on Vascular Dementia. Bologna; Int Proc Division 1998
- 64 Bruhn H, Michaelis T, Merboldt K D. et al . On the interpretation of proton NMR spectra from brain tumours in vivo and in vitro. NMR Biomed. 1992; 5 253-258
- 65 Kinoshita Y, Kajiwara H, Yokota A, Koga Y. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors: an in vitro study. Neurosurgery. 1994; 35 606-613
- 66 Sutton L N, Wehrli S L, Gennarelli L. et al . High-resolution 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of pediatric posterior fossa tumors in vitro. J Neurosurg. 1994; 81 443-448
- 67 Usenius J P, Vainio P, Hernesniemi J, Kauppinen R A. Choline-containing compounds in human astrocytomas studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem. 1994; 63 1538-1543
- 68 Carpinelli G, Carapella C M, Palombi L. et al . Differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme from astrocytomas by in vitro 1H MRS analysis of human brain tumors. Anticancer Res. 1996; 16 1559-1563
- 69 Gray H F, Maxwell R J, Martinez-Perez I. et al . Genetic programming for classification and feature selection: analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from human brain tumour biopsies. NMR Biomed. 1998; 11 217-224
- 70 Tzika A A, Vigneron D B, Ball W S. et al . Localized proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in children. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1993; 3 719-729
- 71 Chang L, Miller B L, McBride D. et al . Brain lesions in patients with AIDS: H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 1995; 197 525-531
- 72 Go K G, Kamman R L, Mooyaart E L. et al . Localized proton spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging in cerebral gliomas, with comparison to positron emission tomography. Neuroradiology. 1995; 37 198-206
- 73 Falini A, Calabrese G, Origgi D. et al . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and intracranial tumours: clinical perspectives. J Neurol. 1996; 243 706-714
- 74 Negendank W G, Sauter R, Brown T R. et al . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 1996; 84 449-458
- 75 Thomas M A, Ryner L N, Mehta M P. et al . Localized 2D J-resolved 1H MR spectroscopy of human brain tumors in vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996; 6 453-459
- 76 de Stefano N, Caramanos Z, Preul M C. et al . In vivo differentiation of astrocytic brain tumors and isolated demyelinating lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44 273-278
- 77 Kinoshita Y, Yokota A. Absolute concentrations of metabolites in human brain tumors using in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1997; 10 2-12
- 78 Choi C G, Frahm J. Localized proton MRS of the human hippocampus: metabolite concentrations and relaxation times. Magn Reson Med. 1999; 41 204-207
- 79 Poptani H, Gupta R K, Roy R. et al . Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR. 1995; 16 1593-1603
- 80 Preul M C, Caramanos Z, Collins D L. et al . Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Med. 1996; 2 323-325
- 81 Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Tominaga T. et al . Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR. 1996; 17 737-747
- 82 Arle J E, Morriss C, Wang Z J. et al . Prediction of posterior fossa tumor type in children by means of magnetic resonance image properties, spectroscopy, and neural networks. J Neurosurg. 1997; 86 755-761
- 83 Tzika A A, Vajapeyam S, Barnes P D. Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and hemodynamic MR imaging of childhood brain tumors: preliminary observations. AJNR. 1997; 18 203-218
- 84 Ott D, Hennig J, Ernst T. Human brain tumors: assessment with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 1993; 186 745-752
- 85 Demaerel P, Johannik K, van Hecke P. et al . Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in fifty cases of newly diagnosed intracranial tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1991; 15 67-76
- 86 Sijens P E, Knopp M V, Brunetti A. et al . 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with metastatic brain tumors: a multicenter study. Magn Reson Med. 1995; 33 818-826
- 87 Henriksen O. In vivo quantitation of metabolite concentrations in the brain by means of proton MRS. NMR Biomed. 1995; 8 139-148
- 88 Miller B L. A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed. 1991; 4 47-52
- 89 de Certaines J, Larsen V, Podo F. et al . In vivo 31P MRS of experimental tumours. NMR Biomed. 1993; 6 345-365
- 90 Lowry O H, Berger S J, Chi M M. et al . Diversity of metabolic patterns in human brain tumors - I. High energy phosphate compounds and basic composition. J Neurochem. 1977; 29 959-977
- 91 Nadler J V, Cooper J R. N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid content of human neural tumours and bovine peripheral nervous tissues. J Neurochem. 1972; 19 313-319
- 92 Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Shirane R, Yoshimoto T. Correlation between Choline Level Measured by Proton MR Spectroscopy and Ki-67 Labeling Index in Gliomas. AJNR. 2000; 21 659-665
- 93 Tamiya T, Kinoshita K, Ono Y. et al . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflects cellular proliferative activity in astrocytomas. Neuroradiology. 2000; 42 333-338
- 94 Burtscher I M, Skagerberg G, Geijer B. et al . Proton MR Spectroscopy and Preoperative Diagnostic Accuracy: An Evaluation of Intracranial Mass Lesions Characterized by Stereotactic Biopsy Findings. AJNR. 2000; 21 84-374
- 95 Sijens P E, Levendag P C, Vecht C J. et al . 1H MR spectroscopy detection of lipids and lactate in metastatic brain tumors. NMR Biomed. 1996; 9 65-71
- 96 Lehnhardt F G, Rohn G, Ernestus R I. et al . 1H- and (31)P-MR spectroscopy of primary and recurrent human brain tumors in vitro: malignancy-characteristic profiles of water soluble and lipophilic spectral components. NMR Biomed. 2001; 14 307-317
- 97 Castillo M, Kwock L. Clinical applications of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of common intracranial tumors. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 1999; 10 104-113
- 98 Harada M, Tanouchi M, Miyoshi H. et al . Brain abscess observed by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging. 1994; 12 1269-1274
- 99 Poptani H, Gupta R K, Jain V K. et al . Cystic intracranial mass lesions: possible role of in vivo MR spectroscopy in its differential diagnosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995; 13 1019-1029
- 100 Cecil K M, Lenkinski R E. Proton MR spectroscopy in inflammatory and infectious brain disorders. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1998; 8 863-880
- 101 Burtscher I M, Holtas S. In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of untreated and treated brain abscesses. AJNR. 1999; 20 1049-1053
Dr. med. Peter Raab
Institut für Neuroradiologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität
Schleusenweg 2 - 16
60528 Frankfurt