Zusammenfassung
Die Möglichkeit der Anlage nativer a-v. Dialyseshunts ist aufgrund der begrenzten Anzahl geeigneter Venen limitiert. Bei Fehlen geeigneter Gefäße muss auf Kunststoff-Shunts zurückgegriffen werden. Diese weisen im Vergleich mit a-v. Fisteln eine höhere Verschlussrate auf. Die Studie untersucht die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Revision von gestreckten PTFE-Dialyseshunts.
Methode: Retrospektive Untersuchung aller gestreckten Oberarm-Dialyseshunts von 1/94-8/99.
Ergebnisse: Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden insgesamt 67 Patienten wegen Shuntkomplikationen behandelt. Verschlussursache war in 22 % eine Stenose im Bereich der venösen Anastomose, in 9 % eine Stenose der zentralen Venen, in 12 % eine Stenose im Bereich der arteriellen Anastomose und in 6 % eine Prothesenläsion. Bei 9 von 67 Patienten
wurde der Shunt aufgrund einer Infektion bzw. eines periprothetischen Hämatoms revidiert. In 37 % konnte die Verschlussursache intraoperativ nicht geklärt werden. Nach 6 Monaten waren 29 % der Shunts funktionstüchtig. 7 Shunts blieben länger als 1 Jahr offen (11 %, mediane Laufzeit 80 Wochen). Weder Verschlussursache noch Operationsverfahren hatten Einfluss auf die Funktionsrate. Die primäre bzw. sekundäre 1-Jahres-Offenheitsrate nach Revision betrug 11 % bzw. 29 %.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Revisionschirurgie bei Verschluss von Kunststoff-Dialyseshunts sind zunächst enttäuschend. Da radiologisch-interventionelle Verfahren jedoch keine Alternative bieten, ist die chirurgische Revision verschlossener Kunststoff-Shunts gerechtfertigt.
Summary
Native av-fistulas are the access of first choice for long-term hemodialysis. However, a large number of patients require an alternative vascular access, e. g. ePTFE grafts. Patency of ePTFE grafts is inferior to that of native av-fistulas.
Purpose: To analyse the effectiveness of surgical revisions of occluded straight ePTFE dialysis access grafts.
Methods: Retrospective review of all upper arm dialysis access procedures from 1/94 to 8/99.
Results: Redo surgery was performed in 67 patients. Av-fistula dysfunction was caused by venous anastomotic stenoses (22 %), outflow occlusion (9 %), arterial anastomotic stenoses/inflow occlusion (12 %), and intragraft stenoses (6 %). 9 grafts had to be revised due to infection or perigraft hematoma (14 %). In 37 % the cause of graft occlusion
could not be identified. Neither the cause of occlusion nor the type of treatment correlated with patency after revision. 6- and 12-months primary patency after surgery were 29 % and 11 %. 59 shunts required up to 12 revisions to maintain patency. Thus, secondary 1 yr-patency after revision was 29 %.
Conclusion: Patency after redo surgery is disappointing. However, with repeated procedures ePTFE grafts remain open > 1 year in 29 % of the patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Shunt - a-v. Shuntkomplikationen - Funktionsrate - Chirurgie - Revision
Key words
Dialysis access graft - Complication of av-fistula - Patency - Surgery - Revision
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Dr. M. J. Utzig
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik I
Abteilung für Allgemein-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie
Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin
Hindenburgdamm 30
12200 Berlin
Phone: 0 30/84 45-25 43
Fax: 0 30/84 45-27 40
Email: martin.utzig@ukbf.fu-berlin.de