Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Das Vorliegen
erweiterter Gallengänge bei Choledocholithiasis beeinflusst entscheidend
das Management bei symptomatischer Cholezystolithiasis. In dieser prospektiven
Pilotstudie sollte der Stellenwert der nichtinvasiven
Magnetresonanz-Cholangiographie (MRC) gegenüber der diagnostischen
endoskopischen retrograden Cholangiographie (ERC) untersucht werden.
Patienten und Methodik: Innerhalb von 12
Monaten wurden konsekutiv alle Patienten mit sonographisch erkennbarer
Cholezystolithiasis und erweiterten Gallengängen sowie erhöhten
Cholestase-Parametern erfasst. Patienten ohne Konkrementnachweis wurden
präoperativ der MRC zugeführt, Patienten mit primär oder nach
MRC sichtbarer Choledocholithiasis der ERC.
Ergebnisse: 58 Patienten (30 Männer, 28
Frauen, medianes Alter 59,4 Jahre) erhielten präoperativ eine MRC. Bei 18
Patienten (10 Männer, 8 Frauen, median 63,5 Jahre) mit Hinweis auf
Choledocholithiasis erfolgte anschließend die ERC mit Papillotomie. Dabei
zeigten sich in 10 Fällen verbliebene Gallengangssteine, die nach
Papillotomie geborgen werden konnten; in 8 Fällen waren keine
intraduktalen Konkremente mehr nachweisbar. Die restlichen 40 Patienten ohne
Nachweis von Gallengangssteinen in der MRC wurden entweder einer MR-Tomographie
und ERC bei Malignomverdacht oder einer Cholezystektomie mit intraoperativer
Cholangiographie (IOC) zugeführt, die in allen Fällen das Vorliegen
von Gallengangskonkrementen ausschließen konnte. Für den Nachweis
von Gallengangssteinen in der MRC ließ sich im Vergleich zur ERC bzw. IOC
eine Sensitivität von 100% und eine Spezifität von
83,3% errechnen.
Folgerungen: Die MRC als nichtinvasives
Verfahren scheint die diagnostische ERC zur Frage der Choledocholithiasis bei
sonographisch gesicherter Cholezystolithiasis und erweiterten Gallengängen
mit hoher Sensitivität ersetzen zu können. Bei radiologisch
gesicherter Choledocholithiasis ist die präoperative ERC mit Papillotomie
und Steinextraktion nach wie vor Therapie der Wahl.
Introduction: Management of symptomatic
cholecystolithiasis is vitally influenced by dilated biliary tract and
choledocholithiasis. The objectives of this prospective pilot study were to
evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative magnetic resonance
cholangiography (MRC) compared to diagnostic endoscopic retrograde
cholangiography (ERC) and to establish an efficient algorithm for diagnostics
and treatment of choledocholithiasis.
Methods: All consecutive patients with
cholecystolithiasis and dilated biliary tract proven by sonography as well as
elevated liver function tests were enrolled within 12 months. Patients without
evidence of bile duct calculi underwent preoperative MRC, whereas patients with
choledocholithiasis immediate ERC.
Results: 58 patients (30 male, 28 female)
with a median age of 59.4 years underwent preoperative MRC. In 18 patients (10
male, 8 female; median age 63.5 years) with evidence of choledocholithiasis we
subsequently performed ERC and papillotomy. Bile duct stones were detected and
removed after papillotomy in 10 patients, whereas calculi could not be found
anymore in 8 patients. The remaining 40 patients without calculi evident on MRC
were transferred to magnetic resonance tomography and ERC in case of suspected
malignancy or to cholecystectomy and intraoperative cholangiography (IOC),
which could definitely exclude choledocholithiasis. In comparison to ERC
respectively IOC, MRC was able to detect bile duct stones with a sensitivity of
100% and a specificity of 83.3%.
Conclusions: Non-invasive MRC seems to
replace diagnostic ERC concerning the presence of choledocholithiasis in case
of cholecystolithiasis and dilated biliary tract with a high sensitivity. The
preoperative ERC with stone extraction is still the therapy of choice in case
of radiologically confirmed choledocholithiasis.
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Dr. Thomas Mussack
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik-Innenstadt, Klinikum der
Universität München
Nussbaumstraße 20
80336 München
Phone: +49/89/51602350
Fax: +49/89/51604722
Email: tmussack@helios.med.uni-muenchen.de