Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Charakterisierung der endoluminalen Oberfläche einer modularen Stentprothese und
Korrelation der makropathologischen Befunde mit den Befunden verschiedener radiologischer
Verfahren. Methoden: Bei 36 FBI-Mischlingshunden wurden Aneurysmen der infrarenalen Aorta aus autologem
Material experimentell erzeugt und mit einer modularen Stentprothese endovaskulär
behandelt. Dazu wurden zwei polyesterummantelte Nitinol-Stents im Aneurysmasack überlappend
platziert. Das Follow-up betrug für jeweils 12 Tiere eine Woche, 6 Wochen und 6 Monate.
Das Behandlungsergebnis wurde mittels Sonographie, Spiral-CT, MRT, intravaskulärem
Ultraschall (IVUS) und digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) dokumentiert. Das
stentversorgte Gefäßsegment wurde in Längsrichtung aufgetrennt. Vor der histopathologischen
Untersuchung wurden die einzelnen Stentsegmente mit der Lupenvergrößerung makropathologisch
beurteilt und mit den entsprechenden radiologischen Befunden korreliert. Ergebnisse: In 4 Fällen traten höhergradige Stenosen innerhalb der Stentprothese auf, in zwei
Fällen Prothesenverschlüsse. In 5 Fällen konnten höhergradige Stufenbildungen und
Separationen der Stentkomponenten an der Konnektionsstelle ursächlich nachgewiesen
werden. In drei Fällen waren Migrationen von Prothesenanteilen nachweisbar, in einem
Fall führte dies zu einer Diskonnektion der Prothese im Aneurysmasack. Unregelmäßigkeiten
der Prothesenhülle und Ablagerungen auf der endoluminalen Oberfläche wurden mit allen
radiologischen Methoden systematisch unterschätzt. Der IVUS gestattete eine grobe
Einschätzung der Prothesenentfaltung und der Prothesenverankerung, während MRT, Sonographie
und CT mit abnehmender Sensitivität eine deutlich schlechtere Befundkonkordanz zeigten.
Endoluminale Wandauflagerungen wurden mit kontrastverstärkten T1 -w Bildern erkannt, jedoch häufig unterschätzt. DSA, IVUS, CT und Sonographie zeigten
eine schlechte Befundkonkordanz. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Konnektionsstelle modularer Stentprothesen prädisponiert zu Stenosen und Prothesenverschlüssen.
Keine radiologische Methode erlaubt allein eine optimale Beurteilung der Stentprothese.
Der IVUS gestattet eine Beurteilung der Prothesenentfaltung. Endoluminale Auflagerungen
sind am besten mittels MRT nachweisbar.
Abstract
Purpose: Characterization of the endoluminal surface of a modular stent graft and correlation
of macropathological findings with results of radiological methods. Methods: Aneurysms of the infrarenal aorta were created in 36 mongrel FBI dogs using autologous
material. Endovascular treatment was performed with modular stent grafts using two
polyester-covered nitinol stents connected with overlap within the aneurysm. Follow-up
was 1 and 6 weeks, and 6 months for 12 animals, respectively. Results were documented
using sonography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), spiral CT, MRI, and digital subtraction
angiography (DSA). After fixation, the aorta was prepared and incised lengthwise.
Before histopathological work-up, the different segments were macropathologically
characterized and correlated with the respective findings of the radiological methods.
Results: 4 cases showed high grade stenosis within the stent grafts and graft occlusion occurred
in two cases. The connection sites of these modular stent grafts showed steps and
partial separation of the graft components was causative in 5 of these cases. Migration
of graft components occurred in three cases, one of them with complete disconnection
of the modular device. Irregulartities and deposits on the endoluminal surface were
systematically underestimated with all radiological techniques used. IVUS showed moderate
concordance concerning deployment and unfolding of the stent graft, however, irregularities
of the endoluminal surface were systematically underestimated. Concordance of MRI,
sonography, and CT was worse. Contrast-enhanced T1 -w MRI detected endoluminal deposits with moderate concordance. However, the thickness
of deposits was underestimated. DSA, IVUS, and CT showed only poor concordance with
macropathological findings. Conclusions: The connection site of modular stent grafts predisposes to stenosis, occlusion, and
disconnection of the modular device. Stent deployment and unfolding of the membrane
might be examined with IVUS. MRI is useful for detecting endoluminal deposits and
stenosis. However, radiological methods will underrate irregularities and deposits
of the endoluminal surface.
Schlüsselwörter
Aneurysma - Endovaskulär - Modulare Stentprothesen - IVUS - MRT
Key words
Aortic aneurysms - Endovascular - Modular stent grafts - IVUS - MRI
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Priv. Doz. Dr. Michael B. Pitton
Klinik für Radiologie, Universitätskliniken
Langenbeckstraße 1
55101 Mainz
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