Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Während für Larynxkarzinome das erhöhte Risiko für bestimmte Berufsgruppen und berufliche Schadstoffe außer Frage steht, wird der Zusammenhang von beruflicher Exposition und Malignomen von Mundhöhle und Rachen unterschiedlich beurteilt. Anhand einer Analyse publizierter Daten sollte untersucht werden, ob bestimmte Personengruppen durch besondere berufliche Einwirkungen in erheblich höherem Grade dem Risiko von Mundhöhlen- und Rachentumoren ausgesetzt sind als die übrige Bevölkerung.
Methoden: In der National Library of Medicine gelistete deutschsprachige und englischsprachige Publikationen seit 1990, Fachbücher sowie Veröffentlichungen des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften wurden gesichtet und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: In tabak- und alkoholadjustierten Fall-Kontroll-Studien und Kohortenstudien wurde konsistent ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Beschäftigung im Baugewerbe, bei Malern und Lackierern sowie in metallverarbeitenden Berufen und dem Auftreten von Mundhöhlen- und Rachenkarzinomen beschrieben. Die relativen Risiken bzw. standardisierten Mortalitätsraten bewegen sich zwischen 1,5 und 3. In einzelnen neueren Untersuchungen wurde ein Zusammenhang auch für Beschäftigte der Papier- und Gummiindustrie gefunden, die Untersuchungen zur Textilindustrie und den holzverarbeitenden Gewerben zeigten inkonsistente Ergebnisse.
Schlussfolgerungen: Neben moderatem oder auch stärkerem, aber alleinigem Tabak- oder Alkoholkonsum kann eine berufsbedingte Schadstoffexposition eine annähernd gleichwertige Teilursache für die Entstehung von Malignomen der Mundhöhle und des Rachens darstellen.
Abstract
Background: Occupational risk factors for the development of laryngeal cancer are well accepted, whereas the etiologic relationship between occupational exposure to various noxious influences and the development of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx remain a matter of debate. Based on published data, occupational risk factors for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx should be evaluated.
Methods: Publications since 1990 listed in the National Library of Medicine, textbooks and data obtained from the German Employer's Liability Insurance Association were evaluated.
Results: In several tobacco- and alcohol-adjusted case-control and cohort studies, an association with occupation in construction and metalworking industries, as painters, carpenters and machine operators was consistently found. The relative risks or standardized mortality rates ranged between 1.5 and 3. Some recent investigations found an association for workers in the paper and rubber industry. The results in regard to the textile and woodworking industry were inconclusive.
Conclusion: In cases with moderate isolated tobacco or moderate isolated alcohol consumption, the risk attributable to occupational factors and smoking or drinking are of similar magnitude. According to German jurisdiction, a partial compensation of the acquired disability is then justified. In pronounced combined tobacco and alcohol consumption, the non-occupational risk factors increase exponentially and occupational risks attain marginal weight.
Schlüsselwörter
Plattenepithelkarzinome - Mundhöhle - Rachen - Alkoholkonsum - Tabakkonsum - Berufliche Risikofaktoren
Key words
Squamous cell carcinoma - Occupational diseases - Pharyngeal neoplasms - Mouth neoplasms
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PD Dr. Herbert Riechelmann
Univ. HNO-Klinik Ulm
Prittwitzstraße 43 · 89075 Ulm ·
Email: herbert.riechelmann@medizin.uni-ulm.de