Speech Modification Approaches to Stuttering Treatment in Schools

ABSTRACT

The treatment procedures referred to here as ``speech modification'' are those that use a known fluency-inducing condition and that have as an explicit goal teaching the client to speak in a manner that will not include stuttering. This paper briefly reviews four subcategories of speech modification approaches for children in the schools: variations on prolonged speech, extended length of utterance approaches, response-contingent approaches, and mixed approaches. Special challenges to be faced by clinicians who would like to use speech modification procedures in the schools are also addressed.

Stuttering treatment - fluency treatment - speech modification

REFERENCES

• 1 Runyan C M, Runyan S E. Therapy for school-age stutterers: an update on the fluency rules program. In: Curlee RF, ed. Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency New York: Thieme 1999: 110-123
• 2 Shine R E. Systematic Fluency Training for Young Children, 3rd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 1988 . 
• 3 Conture E G, Guitar B E. Evaluating efficacy of treatment of stuttering: school-age children.  J Fluency Disord . 1993;  18 253-287
• 4 Ryan B P, Ryan B VK. Programmed stuttering treatment for children: a comparison of two establishment programs through transfer, maintenance and follow-up.  J Speech Hear Res . 1995;  38 61-75
• 5 Blood GW POWER²: Relapse management with adolescents who stutter. Lang Speech Hear Serv Schools 1995 26: 169-179
• 6 Ingham R J, Ingham J C, Onslow M, Finn P. Stutterers' self-ratings of speech naturalness: assessing effects and reliability.  J Speech Hear Res . 1989;  32 419-431
• 7 Onslow M. Choosing a treatment procedure for early stuttering: issues and future directions.  J Speech Hear Res . 1992;  35 983-993
• 8 Ryan B P. Programmed Therapy for Stuttering in Children and Adults.  Springfield, IL: Thomas 1974
• 9 Costello J M. Current behavioral treatments for children. In: Prins D, Ingham RJ, eds. Treatment of Stuttering in Early Childhood: Methods and Issues San Diego, CA: College Hill 1983
• 10 Ingham J C. An extended length of utterance method. In: Curlee RF, ed. Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency New York, NY: Thieme 1999: 80-100
• 11 Riley G D, Ingham J C. Acoustic duration changes associated with two types of treatment for children who stutter.  J Speech Lang Hear Res . 2000;  43 965-978
• 12 James J E. Behavioral self-control of stuttering using time-out from speaking.  J Appl Behav Anal . 1981;  14 25-37
• 13 Ingham R J. The effects of self-evaluation training on maintenance and generalization during stuttering treatment.  J Speech Hear Disord . 1982;  47 271-280
• 14 Bray M A, Kehle T J. Self-modeling as an intervention for stuttering.  Sch Psych Rev . 1996;  25 358-369
• 15 Harrison E, Onslow M. Early intervention for stuttering: the Lidcombe program. In: Curlee RF, ed. Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency New York, NY: Thieme 1999: 65-79
• 16 Costello J. The establishment of fluency with time-out procedures: three case studies.  J Speech Hear Disord . 1975;  40 216-231
• 17 Craig A, Hancock K, Chang E. A controlled clinical trial for stuttering in persons aged 9 to 14 years.  J Speech Hear Res . 1996;  39 808-826
• 18 Hancock K, Craig A, McCready C. Two- to six-year controlled-trial stuttering outcomes for children and adolescents.  J Speech Lang Hear Res . 1998;  41 1242-1252
• 19 Ratner N B, Bloom C, Molt L. The syllabus project. Spec Interest Div 4 Newsletter 2001 December: 16-18
• 20 Martin R, Haroldson S K. Effects of five experimental treatments on stuttering.  J Speech Hear Res . 1979;  22 132-146
• 21 Brisk D J, Healey E C, Hux K A. Clinicians' training and confidence associated with treating school-age children who stutter: a national survey.  Lang Speech Hear Serv Schools . 1997;  28 164-176
• 22 Yaruss J S, Quesal R W. The many faces of stuttering: identifying appropriate treatment goals.  ASHA Leader . 2001;  6 4-15
• 23 Hasbrouck J M, Doherty J, Mehlmann M A. Intensive stuttering therapy in a public school setting.  Lang Speech Hear Serv Schools . 1987;  18 330-343