Expression of CD94 and 56^bright on Natural Killer Lymphocytes - the Influence of Exercise

Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of acute intense exercise on the cell membrane-bound glycoprotein designated cluster of differentiation (CD) 94. This marker on natural killer (NK) lymphocytes contributes to control of cell function. CD94 was measured on natural killer lymphocytes from 11 adult (average 25 yrs), well-trained male subjects, (V˙O₂peak mean, 5.01 L × min^-1) before and immediately after a final, 4 min all-out, cycle ergometry test. Using flow cytometry, lymphocyte populations were distinguished as either having (CD94⁺) or lacking (CD94^-) the cell marker. The absolute number of CD94⁺ and CD94^- natural killer cells increased with exercise but the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for CD94 decreased from pre 131, to post 117 (p = 0.01). The percentage of NK cells that were CD94⁺ did not change, but exercise did mobilise natural killer cells of greater MFI for the surface markers designated CD16/CD56 (pre 750 to post 1 050, p < 0.001). The latter suggests that some exercise-mobilised natural killer cells may have originated from the liver as CD56^+bright cells.

Flow cytometry - cycle ergometry

References

• 1 Baum M, Geitner T, Liesen H. The role of the spleen in the leucocytosis of exercise: consequences for physiology and pathophysiology.  Int J Sports Med. 1996;  17 604-607
• 2 Carretero M, Cantoni C, Bellon T, Bottino C, Biassoni R, Rodriguez A. The CD94 and NKG2-A C-type lectins covalently assemble to form a natural killer cell inhibitory receptor for HLA class I molecules.  Eur J Immunol. 1997;  27 563-567
• 3 Garcia-Sanz R, Gonzalez M, Orfao A, Moro M J, Hernandez J M, Borrego D. Analysis of natural killer-associated antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients and prognostic implications.  Brit J Haematol. 1996;  93 81-88
• 4 Ida H, Voss S, Ritz J, Anderson P. CD94 ligation induces apoptosis in an subset of IL-2-stimulated NK cells.  J Immunol. 1997;  159 2154-2160
• 5 Lanier L L. NK cell receptors.  Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;  16 359-393
• 6 Lanier L L, Corliss B, Phillips J H. Arousal and inhibition of human NK cells.  Immunol Rev. 1997;  55 145-154
• 7 Mackinnon L T. Exercise and natural killer cells: what is the relationship?.  Sports Med. 1989;  7 141-149
• 8 Mackinnon L T. Advances in exercise immunology. Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics 1999
• 9 Moretta L, Biassoni R, Bottino C, Mingari M C, Moretta A. Receptors involved in human NK cell activation in the process of natural cytotoxicity. In: Cooper MD, Takai T, Ravetch JV (eds). Activating and inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptors. Tokyo; Springer Verlag 2001
• 10 Moyna N M, Weber K M, Fulton J R, Goss F L, Robertson R J. The ffects of incremental submaximal exercise on circulating leukocytes in physically active and sedentary males and females.  Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;  74 211-218
• 11 Nielsen H B, Secher N H, Kristensen J H, Christensen N J, Espersen K, Pedersen B K. Splenectomy impairs lymphocytosis during maximal exercise.  Am J Physiol. 1997;  272 R1847-R1852
• 12 Norris S, Collins C, Doherty D G, Smith F, McEntee G, Traynor O. Resident human hepatic lymphocytes are phenotypically different from circulating lymphocytes.  J Hepatol. 1998;  28 84-90
• 13 O’Farrelly C, Crispe I N. Prometheus through the looking glass: reflections on the hepatic immune system. Immunol.  Today. 1999;  20 394-398
• 14 Rhind S, Shek P, Shinkai S, Shepard R. Differential expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha and beta chains in relation to natural killer cell subsets and aerobic fitness.  Int J Sports Med. 1994;  15 311-318
• 15 Roberts C P, Roberts D, Horn P. Investigating CD94 expression and functional changes of NK cells longitudinally and following acute exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exer. 2001;  33 45
• 16 Rolstad B, Naper C, Vaage J T. Natural killer (NK) cell recognition of MHC class I molecules.  Immunol. 1996;  4 165-171
• 17 Soderstrom K, Corliss B, Lanier L. Phillips J. CD94/NKG2 is the predominant inhibitory receptor involved in recognition of HLA-G by decidual and peripheral blood NK cells.  Immunol. 1997;  159 1072-1075
• 18 Voss D, Daley J, Ritz J, Robertson M. Participation of the CD94 Receptor complex in costimulation of human natural killer cells.  J Immunol. 1998;  160 1618-1626
• 19 Warren H S. Using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester to monitor human NK cell division: analysis of the effect of activating and inhibitory class I MHC receptors.  Immunol Cell Biol. 1999;  77 544-551
• 20 Woods G F, Day L, Withers R T, Ilsley A H, Maxwell B F. The dynamic calibration of cycle ergometers.  Int J Sports Med. 1994;  15 168-171