Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Ein Anstieg des intraabdominellen Drucks ist kürzlich als potenzieller Risikofaktor für frühe Organdysfunktionen bei Patienten mit schwerer akuter Pankreatitis beschrieben worden. Daher erscheint die Untersuchung eines möglichen Zusammenhangs zwischen einem erhöhten intraabdominellen Druck und frühen Organdysfunktionen wichtig für die Optimierung der Behandlungsstrategie.
Patienten und Methoden: 71 Patienten mit schwerer akuter Pankreatitis wurden in die prospektive Studie aufgenommen. Hierbei wurden der klinische Status, der Organdysfunktions-Score (SOFA-Score) und der intraabdominelle Druck bestimmt. Als kritischer Grenzwert wurde ein Druck von 25 cm H2 O festgelegt. Die Patienten wurden im Verlauf der Studie bei Überschreiten des kritischen Drucks der Hochrisiko-Gruppe (n = 18) bzw. bei Unterschreiten des Wertes der Niedrigrisiko-Gruppe (n = 53) zugeordnet.
Ergebnisse: Hochrisiko- und Niedrigrisiko-Gruppe unterschieden sich nicht signifikant hinsichtlich des durchschnittlichen Lebensalters und der initialen Organdysfunktion. Eine Progression der Organdysfunktion wurde bei 61 % der Hochrisiko- Gruppe und bei 32 % der Niedrigrisiko-Gruppe beobachtet (p < 0,05). Die Organfunktion verbesserte sich nach einer 3-4- tägigen Behandlung lediglich bei den Überlebenden. Der maximale intraabdominelle Druck war in der Hochrisiko-Gruppe gegenüber der Niedrigrisiko-Gruppe erhöht (p < 0,01), allerdings fiel der Druck unter einer 3-5-tägigen Behandlung bei allen Überlebenden ab, lediglich bei den Verstorbenen blieb der intraabdominelle Druck erhöht. Eine operative Therapie erfolgte bei 78 % der Hochrisiko-Patienten und bei 32 % der Niedrigrisiko-Patienten (p < 0,05). Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 8,5 %. Während die Mortalität in der Niedrigrisiko-Gruppe bei 2 % lag, betrug sie in der Hochrisiko-Gruppe 28 % (p < 0,01).
Schlussfolgerung: Ein erhöhter intraabdomineller Druck könnte ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für eine frühe Organdysfunktion bei Patienten mit einer schweren akuten Pankreatitis sein. Ein kritischer Anstieg des intraabdominellen Drucks und eine persistierende Organdysfunktion stellen eine Indikation für eine erneute Überprüfung der Behandlungsstrategie dar.
Abstract
Background: Sustained increase of the intra- abdominal pressure is recently recognized as a potential risk factor of early organ dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Assessment of the possible mutual relevance between increased intra-abdominal pressure and early organ dysfunction is important for optimisation of the treatment strategy in this category of patients.
Patients and methods: 71 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were entered in this prospective study. Clinical routine, sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA), and intra-abdominal pressure were registered, considering 25 cm H2 O a critical value for the grouping in high-risk (n = 18) and low-risk (n = 53) patients according to whether they experienced the critical level during their treatment course.
Results: The age structure and the initial presentation of the organ dysfunction were similar between both groups. Progression of the organ dysfunction was observed in 61 % of the high-risk patients, compared to 32 % of low-risk patients, p < 0.05. Organ function improved after three to four day treatment only in survivors. Peak intra-abdominal pressure was greater in high-risk patients, p < 0.01, but declined after three to five day treatment period in all survivors, remaining critical in nonsurvivors. 78 % of high-risk and 32 % of low-risk patients were operated, p < 0.05. The overall mortality was 8.5 %, consisting of 2 % mortality in the low-risk group and 28 % mortality in the high-risk group, p < 0.01.
Conclusion: Increased intra-abdominal pressure could be an important risk factor of early organ dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Critical increase of the intra-abdominal pressure and persisting organ dysfunction are an indication for reassessment of the treatment strategy.
Schlüsselwörter
Intraabdomineller Druck - akute Pankreatitis - Behandlungsstrategie
Key words
Intra-abdominal pressure - acute pancreatitis - treatment strategy
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Guntars PupelisMD, Assistant Professor
Rigas Stradina University
Clinical Hospital
Department of Surgery
2 Hipokrata Street
LV-1038 Riga
Latvia
Email: pupelis@gailes.lv