Zusammenfassung
Einführung: Die akute Darmischämie stellt immer noch eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Bei klinischer Verdachtsdiagnose muss die bildgebende Diagnostik ohne Aufschub dringlich erfolgen. Bei hoher perioperativer Letalität diskutieren wir die Lyse des akuten Verschlusses einer Viszeralarterie als alternatives therapeutisches Verfahren am Beispiel eines klinischen Falles.
Patient und Methode/Fallbericht: Bei einem 80-jährigen Patienten diagnostizierten wir einen Verschluss im Bereich der Arteria mesenterica superior klinisch und mit farbkodierter Duplexsonographie und intraarterielle Angiographie. Wegen eines deutlich erhöhten Operationsrisikos entschieden wir uns zur lokalen Lysetherapie mit anschließender systemischer Heparinisierung. Die Lyse führte zur Rekanalisation der Arteria mesenterica superior und zum Abklingen der klinischen Symptomatik. Die Therapie war ohne Komplikationen durchzuführen.
Diskussion: Im vorliegenden Fall erwies sich die lokale Lyse als geeignetes Mittel zur Therapie einer Okklusion einer Viszeralarterie unter Vermeidung einer Operation. Die Lyse sollte jedoch stets unter OP-Bereitschaft ausgeführt werden. Die farbkodierte Duplexsonographie eignet sich für die Akutdiagnostik. Aktuell bleibt die Angiographie das diagnostische Mittel der 1. Wahl.
Abstract
Introduction: For surgeons the acute intestinal ischaemia is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. If clinically suspected, the diagnostic procedures such as duplex sonography and arterial angiography should be carried out immediately. Although the diagnosis is often quickly clear, perioperative mortality rate remains high. We report the acute local thrombolytic therapy as an alternative treatment.
Case report: A 80-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital with a complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Duplex sonography and the arterial angiogram confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Because the patient was assessed to be at high risk we decided to avoid an operation and local thrombolytic therapy using rt-PA and urokinase was carried out.
Result: The local thrombolytic therapy was successful and led to a complete restoration of the arterial flow within the superior mesenteric artery. The clinical symptoms subsided and no complications were observed.
Conclusion: Local thrombolytic therapy appears to be a suitable therapeutic option in patients suffering of mesenteric arterial occlusion. Although the duplex sonography often confirms the diagnosis with high accuracy the angiography remains the diagnostic gold standard.
Schlüsselwörter
Lyse - arterielle Thrombose - mesenteriale Ischämie - Viszeralarterie
Key words
Lysis - arterial thrombosis - mesenteric ischemia - visceral artery
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Dr. med. Merten Hommann
Klinik für Allgemeine und Viszerale Chirurgie der FSU Jena
Bachstraße 18
07740 Jena
Phone: 0 36 41/93 43 38
Fax: 0 36 41/93 39 97